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Environmental Informatics 2013

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  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Potential and Problems of the Cellular System Approach for Environmental Modeling and Simulation
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Wittmann, Jochen
    By the growing use of geographic information systems (GIS) the use of cellular approaches for modelling and simulation spatial and especially geographical processes and systems gains more and more importance. This paper gives an overview over the basic definitions and emphasizes a proper differentiation between the very tight definition of real cellular automata and the very universal one for cellular systems. On the base of these definitions typical problems are discussed, which raise for modelling spatial objects given by raster or vector data and by representing spatial relationships between these objects. Furthermore the difference in semantics between neighbourhood relation in GIS and neighbourhood relations needed for modelling purposes are elaborated.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Using Mike 21 ST model to assess the sand mining project in Lo river
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Linh, Doan Tuan; Long, Trinh Hoang; Van, Pham Thanh; Manh, Vu Van
    With the aim of assessing the impact of sand mining project environmental Lo River, subjects used the method of sediment transport modeling in rivers, using Sand Transport module in the hydrodynamic model Mike 21 for a particular project. The result was to determine the feasibility of a sand mining project on the Lo river. The subject has shown that the effects of sand mining project on the flow rate and changes in river bed surface and it is negligible. The method can be applied in order to calculate in other mining projects.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Understanding Urban Structures – An Approach for Assessing Climate Risk in Emerging Megacities
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Downes, Nigel Keith; Storch, Harry
    The emerging megacity of Ho Chi Minh City has developed at breakneck pace. The city has become Vietnam s economic powerhouse and an important hotspot for direct foreign investment in Southeast Asia in a mere few decades. Recently the need to adapt to the multiple stressors of rapid urbanisation and climate change has also become increasingly evident. The city is seen to be particular susceptible to both current and future impacts of climatic change, due to its specific geographic setting, its current development challenges, and its underlying rate of urbanisation. Worryingly, these climate change impacts, if unaddressed, pose significant consequences and present further challenges that will infringe upon the overall urban functioning and liveability of the city as a whole. This contribution will outline an urban structure type approach used to portray, classify and understand settlement patterns and the urban structures of the current and emerging landscapes of Ho Chi Minh City. An important prerequisite for establishing much needed efficient and proactive, as well as rapid, adaptation planning strategies is the spatial and rational characterisation of the current urban fabric according to vulnerability relevant features. Further, an understanding of urban settlement patterns and urban structures allows for the capturing of the highly dynamic spatiotemporal social and structural changes associated with rapid urbanisation processes. The ultimate aim is an integrated assessment of the underlying urban risk divide and the inherent urban resilience based on coherent and credible indicator sets. The approach provides a common spatial framework at the resolution of the urban block for data integration and for the compilation of existing vulnerability concepts from various thematic and scientific disciplines at the same spatial scale. The scale provides a clear instrument to generate portfolios of block-specific core indicators, move across scales, run scenarios and aggregate to larger planning horizons, ultimately useful to determine hotspots for administrative interventions and to assist prioritising in spatial planning decision-making.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Development of mathematical models for forecasting hydraulic loads of water and wastewater networks
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Haase, Martina
    In municipal waterworks the operation of water and wastewater networks decides about the functioning of the sewage treatment plant that is the last element of the whole water and sewage system. The both networks are connected each other and the work of the water net affects the operation of the wastewater one. The parameters which are important for right leading of all waterworks objects are their hydraulic loads that have to be not exceeded. Too large loads can cause accidents in the wastewater net or the tratment plant and an early knowledge of them is of importance for undertaking some counteractions. In the paper different algorithms to model hydraulic loads of municipal water and wastewater nets are described and compared regarding their computation velocity and accuracy. Some exemplary computations have been done with some real data received from a Polish water company.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Investigation of Land Cover Change and Land Surface Temperature for the Megacity Ho Chi Minh City using Landsat Imagery
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Thinh, Nguyen Xuan; Kopec, Jakob
    Rapid uncontrolled urban growth over last twenty years creates significant pressures for the environment and many challenges for urban planning in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). One of the big challenges is land management. The application of remote sensing can provide reliable and current geodata bases for land management and land use monitoring in HCMC. In this study we used Landsat Imagery to detect and analyse the land cover change HCMC for the periods 1989 2000, 2000 2002 and 2002 2005 in order to find out the extent of the urban growth in HCMC in these time periods. The next important task is to evaluate the urban growth regarding well known urban planning principles like the compact city or the city of short distances . This will be done by mean of urban density gradient , the jaggedness degree and the centre oriented entropy developed by Thinh (2004). Our results show the dimension of urban expansion in HCMC and the potential of the linkage between remote sensing techniques and urban form metrics as a powerful and useful tool for modern land use change monitoring. They are very useful for the investigation of growth patterns and land use planning in HCMC.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Smart Grid Integration of an Existing Office Building: Modelling and Simulation of Adaptation Strategies
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Hilty, Lorenz M.; Bornhöft, Nikolaus A.
    The development of smart grids makes possible the introduction of dynamic electricity rates, with prices changing each hour. Dynamic rates can reflect the temporal dependency of supply and demand for electrical power and network capacity, thus avoiding load peaks and promoting the use of fluctuating renewable energy sources. We present a simulation model that studies the electricity demand for heating and cooling modern office buildings in the context of dynamic electricity prices. The model permits the simulation of scenarios in which existing thermal energy reservoirs (warm and cold water tanks) are used for the smart grid integration by means of adapted control strategies. The adaptation to dynamic electricity rates and thus indirectly to the fluctuating supply of wind and solar power is achieved solely by changing the control of the existing infrastructure without changing the infrastructure itself.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Risk assessment methods of water supply system in terms of reliability and operation cost
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Bartoszczuk, Pawel; Szymik-Gralewska, Jolanta; Zimoch, Izabela
    Following the end of the Second World War, domestic consumers in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe region, including Poland, normally paid a small percentage of the cost of drinking water while the rest was paid by the state in the form of subsidies. After 1990 water charges suddenly increased and reached a significant proportion of the household s average income. This led to a considerable decrease of water consumption and not fully utilised capacity of existing plants. One of the decisive factors of the decrease of water consumption was installation of meters. Whether the observed falling trend of water consumption can be stopped and when it might happen has been unknown until now. In fact, knowledge on the impact of price changes on water demand is insufficient. Moreover, there is no satisfactory model to explain the existing phenomenon. After joining European Union significant outlays on water supply systems were taken to improve water quality. European Water Framework Directive claims that Member States shall take account of the principle of recovery of the costs of water services, including environmental and resource costs, having regard to the economic analysis ( ) and in accordance in particular with the polluter pays principle (Water Framework Directive, European Union).
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Improving Efficiency of Grid Representation in GML
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Campalani, Piero; Beccati, Alan; Baumann, Peter
    Earth observation and remote sensing today are a primary resource for a miscellanea of geoservices providing massive timeseries of raster-based datasets. This leads to more complex grid structures than before for example, in a 3-D x/y/t timeseries data cube, regular lat/long axes of some orthoimagery may be combined with irregular time axis. The OGC unified coverage model allows to describe such generalized grid structures through its concept of a Referenceable Grid Coverage. This standard, utilizing GML, is extended by GML 3.3 with new types of geometries that can handle irregular and warped gridded topologies. A shortcoming is, however, that they are efficient only in the special cases described initially. Hybrid situations like the one above can become inconveniently verbose. In this paper, we document first considerations to improve flexibility and modularity of the GML grid models as part of our work to fully unleash all grid types for OGC type Web services. Indeed, in case of hybrid rectilinear and curvilinear grid models there is room for optimization in the existing GML types, presented by means of formal structure definitions and practically motivated examples.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Generation of inputs to renewable energy sources using matched-block bootstrap approach with fitness proportionate selection
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Radziszewska, Weronika; Nahorski, Zbigniew
    Renewable energy sources produce clean, green energy, but their production is highly variable in time due to changeable weather conditions. Energy management systems are implemented to cope with that problem. Their proper design requires an exhaustive testing. Creation of realistic test cases requires certain amount of test data (such as wind speed and insolation). As the required amount of measured data is usually not available, they have to be generated in a way that preserves the statistical qualities of the real life phenomenon. In this article a matched-block bootstrap with fitness proportionate selection method is presented. It is a non-parametric method that samples data blocks from a real data set and concatenates them into a new data set. To model the seasonal cycles (especially visible for temperature and solar irradiance) the blocks in the bootstrap method are categorized by month, day and time, creating sets of subsequent blocks from different years with the same time and date. To maintain the coherence of data, the fitness proportionate selection methods are introduced. They provide mechanisms to choose better matching blocks with higher probability. Two fitness functions are considered for this, one using an inversion and another using a negation operation. The matched-block bootstrap methods were tested using 9 years of measurements of solar irradiance and 10 years of data of wind speed in central Poland both taken at 10-minute intervals. The generated time series have the same values for the basic statistic factors as the original data and allow for creating test sequences of an arbitrary length.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Analysis of GIS data to investigate natural resource impacts of high-voltage overhead lines in the examples in Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Thinh, Nguyen Xuan; Sander, Leon; Kopec, Jakob; Mühlnickel, Kai
    In this paper we describe shortly Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia as study areas and the legal framework, both in the context of natural resource impacts of high-voltage overhead lines. We then conduct the buffer analysis of a GIS dataset in order to investigate natural resource impacts of existing high-voltage overhead lines in the two mentioned study areas. The paper is based upon the first results of the interdisciplinary research and development project "Power Network Planning" funded as part of the 6th Energy research program "Research for an environmentally friendly, reliable and affordable energy supply" by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi).