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Environmental Informatics 2015

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  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Energy demand of workplace computer solutions - A comprehensive assessment including both end-user devices and the power consumption they induce in data centers
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Hintemann, Ralph; Fichter, Klaus
    The number of Internet-enabled end-user devices such as personal computers, notebooks, tablets, smartphones, etc. is increasing constantly. However, since the devices themselves are becoming ever more energy-efficient, their overall energy consumption in the use phase of their life cycle seems to be increasing only marginally, or even decreasing in some areas. In contrast, the energy consumption induced in data centers by the use of end-user devices is rising. The present contribution presents the results of a Borderstep Institute study on the development of personal computers conducted within the framework of the research project AC4DC. Data was gathered on the number of workplace computer solutions in German businesses, the computers energy consumption, as well as the energy consumption in data centers they induced. In 2014, electricity consumption in data centers induced by end-user devices amounted to between 17 and 49 kWh per end-user device and year. The contribution compares the results of this study with the data from a 2010 survey and projects the global significance of the use of Internet-enabled end-user devices on the energy consumption of data centers.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Toward Collaborative LCA Ontology Development: a Scenario-Based Recommender System for Environmental Data Qualification
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Takhom , Akkharawoot; Ikeda, Mitsuru; Suntisrivaraporn, Boontawee; Supnithi, Thepchai
    This paper describes a collaborative approach to ontology development for data qualification for life cycle assessment by taking into consideration the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and Data Quality Indicator (DQI). The developed ontology is integrated with rule-based knowledge, to provide userdefined policies for LCI based on DQI. An ontology application management framework is developed to provide a collaborative environment for knowledge engineers and domain experts to define the knowledge explication and recommendation rules based on usage scenario. LCI data from agricultural domain is collected, and mapped to the knowledge base. To demonstrate the advantage of transformed rules, a scenario-based recommender system is built on top of the ontology, and carries out data quality measurement.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Energy matters in buildings: Individual and collective issues
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Denward, Marie; de Jong, Annelise; Olsen, Rebekah
    The number of Internet-enabled end-user devices such as personal computers, notebooks, tablets, smartphones, etc. is increasing constantly. However, since the devices themselves are becoming ever more energy-efficient, their overall energy consumption in the use phase of their life cycle seems to be increasing only marginally, or even decreasing in some areas. In contrast, the energy consumption induced in data centers by the use of end-user devices is rising. The present contribution presents the results of a Borderstep Institute study on the development of personal computers conducted within the framework of the research project AC4DC. Data was gathered on the number of workplace computer solutions in German businesses, the computers energy consumption, as well as the energy consumption in data centers they induced. In 2014, electricity consumption in data centers induced by end-user devices amounted to between 17 and 49 kWh per end-user device and year. The contribution compares the results of this study with the data from a 2010 survey and projects the global significance of the use of Internet-enabled end-user devices on the energy consumption of data centers.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    The Citizen Field Engineer: Crowdsourced Maintenance of Connected Water Infrastructure. Scenarios for smart and sustainable water futures in Nairobi, Kenya
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) von Heland, Fanny; Nyberg, Marcus; Bondesson, Anna; Westerberg, Pontus
    Sustainable water supply is a profound problem in slums in Nairobi, Kenya. Smart water management that integrates information and communication technology (ICT) to monitor water resources, diagnose problems, improve efficiency and coordinate management can help to overcome supply challenges as well as strengthen public participation in governance. This study applies scenario planning methodology to analyze the potential of a novel smart water concept, Citizen Field Engineer, to address water challenges in Nairobis slums, for example problems with water pollution and intermittent supply. The concept combines multi-functional sensors to monitor water supply with an innovative ICT-based governance model where residents in the local community are employed as service engineers. Looking at how this concept would apply in Nairobis slums, the scenario analysis suggests that the concept could potentially help to improve water availability, affordability and quality, including gender equality as women bear the main responsibility for collecting water. The analysis also suggests that an implementation of the concept could have a positive impact on childrens school attendance as water related diseases are an important factor behind low educational attainment. The study concludes that smart water management that integrates ICT is an important step to address challenges around sustainable water supply.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Social Electricity: The evolution of a Large-Scale, Green ICT Social Application through two Case Studies in Cyprus and Singapore
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Kamilaris, Andreas; Pitsillides, Andreas; Fidas, Christos; Kondepudi, Sekhar
    Numerous green online social applications have emerged in recent years, aiming to motivate citizens towards pro environmental behavior. These applications exploit emerging new technologies, such as mobile computing, online social networking and the web, in order to affect their users in their everyday lives. In this paper, we discuss our experiences from the three year development and management of Social Electricity, a largescale green online social application which targets influencing people to reduce their electricity footprint. We provide findings from two case studies performed in Cyprus and Singapore for six months, involving 198 and 175 participants respectively. Through these studies, we observed the acceptance, effectiveness and potential of Social Electricity, increasing our knowledge about the motivations that inspire people to take pro-environmental actions and the barriers that hinder them from acting in a sustainable way. Finally, we present the new version of Social Electricity, supporting citizens from all around Europe, carefully designed and developed based on the feedback received from these case studies and the accumulated expertise during these three years.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Transaction Analysis- A mechanism to detect and prevent VAT-fraud in the European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Adjunct Proceedings, 2015) Schütz, Thomas; Andre, Yves; Vukovic, Mladen
    The European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) has been shown vulnerable to VAT-fraud. Due to the introduction of the Reverse-Charge-Procedure in the majority of EU Member States (MS), VAT-fraud has reduced significantly. Nevertheless, remaining VAT-fraud patterns need to be detected in the transactions in order to support investigation bodies. On the basis of the Belgium software REMa the National administrators of Germany, France and United Kingdom have developed a method to detect VAT-fraud, called Transaction Analysis. This method is explained. Transaction Analysis has been validated against historical data.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Labelling Sustainable Software Products and Websites: Ideas, Approaches, and Challenges
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Kern, Eva; Dick, Markus; Naumann, Stefan; Filler, Andreas
    The awareness for software as an important player regarding the energy consumption caused by ICT steadily increased in the past years. The impact of software on the energy consumption is also more and more accepted by the research community under the umbrella of sustainability in general. Nevertheless, the end user is still only slightly or not addressed in the research activities regarding the whole energy consumption of software over its complete lifecycle. Also other stakeholders, e.g. administrators, designers, developers etc., are not in the focus of creating awareness for the aforementioned topics. In this contribution, we therefore focus on ideas, approaches, and challenges in developing a general-purpose labelling process for green and sustainable software products and websites. At first we provide a literature roundup, followed by the elaboration of requirements for the creation of a sustainability label for software products in general based on already existing and new approaches. On a first attempt, we furthermore concentrate on a labelling process for sustainable as well as green websites and sum up with a discussion followed by an outlook on our future work.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Work hubs - location considerations and opportunities for reduced travel
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Kramers, Anna; Höjer, Mattias; Nyberg, Marcus; Söderholm, Malin
    Cities worldwide are suffering from congestion among public transport users and motorists. Mayors have set ambitious targets to reduce traffic and improve public transportation, while at the same time reducing energy use. This paper investigates the option of using flexible workplaces in local nodes within urban regions in order to transform transportation needs. The business characteristics of this type of flexible workplace and the driving forces and potential barriers in its establishment are examined in an interview study with existing hub owners. The results provide novel information on emerging technologies related to urban transportation solutions and highlight how ICT solutions can affect the accessibility and relevance of flexible workplaces and thereby support their energy reduction potential.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Perceptions and behaviour towards climate change and energy savings - The role of social media
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) S. G. Piccolo, Lara; Alani, Harith
    Success in promoting changes in behaviour is often dependent on the choice of interventions. This research investigates the use of social technology features as interventions to raise energy awareness and to promote a collective behavior change towards saving energy. Aiming at understanding this scenario, an online survey was conducted to extract from Internet users their current position towards climate change, energy savings, and social media usage. Main results are reported in this paper indicating, for instance, that social media is not yet a main source of information in this context. Triggering discussions around the consumption of specific appliances, and associating it with energy-saving tips based on personal experiences were pointed out as promising approaches to support behavior change through social media.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Midpoint vs Single Score in Multi-Criteria Optimization under Life Cycle Assessment Constraints: the Case of Potable Water Treatment Chains
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Capitanescu, Florin; Igos, Elorri; Marvuglia, Antonino; Benetto, Enrico
    This paper addresses the multi-objective constrained optimization of a drinking water production plant. It reports the successful coupling between the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA2), which is a well-established multi-goal elitist metaheuristic global optimizer, and EVALEAU, which is a state-of-the-art process modelling life cycle assessment (LCA) tool for simulation of potable water treatment chains. The paper assesses as well the pros and cons of using midpoint versus single score as environmental goal metrics in a decision making process based on very challenging multi-goal optimization of potable water treatment chains. The proposed approach is illustrated using the model of a real-world drinking water production plant.