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Preliminary Results of Rainfall Erosivity Mapping for Poland
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Datum
2005
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Masaryk University Brno
Zusammenfassung
Soil erosion by water is an important environmental process influencing strongly not only geomorphology of mountainous areas but also interfering with many aspects of human activates. Intensive soil erosion processes lead to a number of technical problems especially at the field of agriculture production. Both modelling and prediction of soil erosion can be made on the base of simple models like USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and RUSLE (Revised Soil Loss Equation). However it has to be anticipated by rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R-factor) local values estimation. The attempt to elaborate a new updated rainfall erosivity map for Poland was the main aim of the study. The research was concentrated on plotting of the map on the base of already calculated average annual R-factor values for a network of 67 gauging stations in Poland. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) techniques (GRASS system) and statistical methods (regression analysis associated with statistical hypothesis testing) were introduced in practice for average annual R-factor spatial distribution estimation for the country area. Different parameters, like: elevation above see level, slope, aspect, distance to the see, influence of surrounding analyzed point terrain’s relief, were used as independent variables at regression analysis. According to resulting R-factor map most of Polish territory was characterised by low or moderate values of R-factor at the range from 40 to 60 MJ ha-1 cm h-1. Elevated, exceeding 100 MJ ha-1 cm h-1, R-factor values were observed only for mountainous areas of southern Poland. The study showed that Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and GIS techniques should be used to aid mapping of rainfall erosivity.