Auflistung nach Schlagwort "Commonsense reasoning"
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- ZeitschriftenartikelExtending and Completing Probabilistic Knowledge and Beliefs Without Bias(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 29, No. 3, 2015) Beierle, Christoph; Kern-Isberner, Gabriele; Finthammer, Marc; Potyka, NicoCombining logic with probability theory provides a solid ground for the representation of and the reasoning with uncertain knowledge. Given a set of probabilistic conditionals like “If A then B with probability x”, a crucial question is how to extend this explicit knowledge, thereby avoiding any unnecessary bias. The connection between such probabilistic reasoning and commonsense reasoning has been elaborated especially by Jeff Paris, advocating the principle of Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). In this paper, we address the general concepts and ideas underlying MaxEnt and leading to it, illustrate the use of MaxEnt by reporting on an example application from the medical domain, and give a brief survey on recent approaches to extending the MaxEnt principle to first-order logic.
- ZeitschriftenartikelImage Schema Combinations and Complex Events(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 33, No. 3, 2019) Hedblom, Maria M.; Kutz, Oliver; Peñaloza, Rafael; Guizzardi, GiancarloFormal knowledge representation struggles to represent the dynamic changes within complex events in a cognitively plausible way. Image schemas, on the other hand, are spatiotemporal relationships used in cognitive science as building blocks to conceptualise objects and events on a high level of abstraction. In this paper, we explore this modelling gap by looking at how image schemas can capture the skeletal information of events and describe segmentation cuts essential for conceptualising dynamic changes. The main contribution of the paper is the introduction of a more systematic approach for the combination of image schemas with one another in order to capture the conceptual representation of complex concepts and events. To reach this goal we use the image schema logic ISL , and, based on foundational research in cognitive linguistics and developmental psychology, we motivate three different methods for the formal combination of image schemas: merge, collection, and structured combination. These methods are then used for formal event segmentation where the changes in image-schematic state generate the points of separation into individual scenes. The paper concludes with a demonstration of our methodology and an ontological analysis of the classic commonsense reasoning problem of ‘cracking an egg.’
- ZeitschriftenartikelThe CoRg Project: Cognitive Reasoning(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 33, No. 3, 2019) Schon, Claudia; Siebert, Sophie; Stolzenburg, FriederThe term cognitive computing refers to new hardware and/or software that mimics the functioning of the human brain. In the context of question answering and commonsense reasoning this means that the reasoning process of humans shall be modeled by adequate technical means. However, since humans do not follow the rules of classical logic, a system designed to model these abilities must be very versatile. The aim of the CoRg project (Cognitive Reasoning) is to successfully complete a reasoning task with commonsense reasoning. We address different benchmarks with focus on the COPA benchmark set (Choice of Plausible Alternatives). Since humans naturally use background knowledge, we have to deal with large background knowledge bases and must be able to reason with multiple input formats and sources in the CoRg system, in order to draw explainable conclusions. For this, we have to find appropriate logics for cognitive reasoning. For a successful reasoning system, nowadays it seems to be important to combine automated reasoning with machine learning technology like recurrent neural networks.