The knowledge representation of an embodied, intelligent, cognitive agent typically relies on symbols denoting objects of the world on the top level and perceptual, structured data on the bottom level. The process of determining and maintaining the correct connection between a symbolic object identifier and its perceptual image, both referring to the same physical object, is called symbol anchoring.The dissertation presented here suggests a formal and general approach to the symbol anchoring problem, which enhances previous approaches in terms of generality and expressiveness.