Auflistung nach Autor:in "Berger, Christian"
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- KonferenzbeitragAutonomous driving – 5 years after the urban challenge: the anticipatory vehicle as a cyber-physical system(INFORMATIK 2012, 2012) Berger, Christian; Runpe, BernhardIn November 2007 the international competition DARPA Urban Challenge took place on the former George Airforce Base in Victorville, California to significantly promote the research and development on autonomously driving vehicles for urban environments. In the final race only eleven out of initially 89 competitors participated and “Boss” from Carnegie Mellon University succeeded. This paper summarizes results of the research carried out by all finalists within the last five years after the competition and provides an outlook where further investigation especially for software engineering is now necessary to achieve the goal of driving safely and reliably through urban environments with an anticipatory vehicle for the mass-market.
- KonferenzbeitragComparison of architectural design decisions for resource-constrained self-driving cars - A multiple case-study(Informatik 2014, 2014) Berger, Christian; Dukaczewski, MichaelContext: Self-Driving cars are getting more and more attention with public demonstration from all important automotive OEMs but also from companies, which do not have a long history in the automotive industry. Fostered by large international competitions in the last decade, several automotive OEMs have already announced to bring this technology to the market around 2020. Objective: International competitions like the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge did not focus on efficient usage of resources to realize the self-driving vehicular functionality. Since the automotive industry is very cost-sensitive, realizing reliable and robust selfdriving functionality is challenging when expensive and sophisticated sensors mounted very visibly on the vehicle's roof for example cannot be used. Therefore, the goal for this study is to investigate how architectural design decisions of recent self-driving vehicular technology consider resource-efficiency. Method: In a multiple case study, the architectural design decisions derived for resourceconstrained self-driving miniature cars for the international competition CaroloCup are compared with architectural designs from recent real-scale self-driving cars. Results: Scaling down available resources for realizing self-driving vehicular technology puts additional constraints on the architectural design; especially reusability of software components in platform-independent algorithmic concepts are prevailing. Conclusion: Software frameworks like the robotic operating system (ROS) enable fast prototypical solutions; however, architectural support for resource-constrained devices is limited. Here, architectural design drivers as realized in AUTOSAR are more suitable.
- KonferenzbeitragConstructive requirements modeling - more reliable implementations in a shorter time(Automotive - Safety & Security 2012, 2012) Berger, Christian; Siegl, SebastianRequirements engineering is nowadays the broadly accepted method to manage customer's requirements. The result is a specification from which a solution is implemented and which is used to validate the realization in terms of their fulfillment. However, today's tools assist in organizing and tracking the requirements but reliable criteria about their completeness, consistency, and realizability are missing. Furthermore, the resulting artifact is a document, which must be read and understood by humans, which itself is error-prone. It is obvious that errors and ambiguities result in an unwanted solution which is often and in the worst case only discovered in the final stage: Testing. This paper outlines an approach for constructive requirements modeling, which describes completely customer's demands in a formal manner so that already during the requirements' elicitation inconsistencies are eliminated, completeness is assessed, realizability is ensured, and all valid test cases can be derived by using a model-based testing approach. Therefore, we propose adaptions to the traditional V-model to not only save valuable development and testing time but also to achieve better results. The applicability is shown on the example of the software for an auxiliary heating system at a large German OEM.
- KonferenzbeitragDesign and evaluation of a customizable multi-domain reference architecture on top of product lines of self-driving heavy vehicles - an industrial case study(Software Engineering 2016, 2016) Schroeder, Jan; Holzner, Daniela; Berger, Christian; Hoel, Carl-Johan; Laine, Leo; Magnusson, AndersSelf-driving vehicles are of high interest for academia and industry at the moment. Particularly, in the transportation domain they exhibit a huge potential to increase companies' competitiveness by automating delivery tasks or construction work. This industrial case study reports on the process of developing and evaluating a multi-domain reference architecture concerned with commercial transport mission planning, execution, and tracking for self-driving vehicles. Therefore, internal and external stakeholders as well as development documents were consulted. The resulting reference architecture is evaluated based on its underlying non-functional requirements ensuring early confirmation of compliance with stakeholder needs. A concrete variant of the architecture was also deployed on a Volvo FMX truck and practically evaluated in an exemplary construction site setting. This paper summarizes our work Schroeder et al. [Sc15] published at 2015 ICSE.
- KonferenzbeitragHesperia: Framework zur Szenario-gestützten Modellierung und Entwicklung Sensor-basierter Systeme(Informatik 2009 – Im Focus das Leben, 2009) Berger, Christian; Rumpe, Bernhard
- KonferenzbeitragImproving fault injection in automotive model based development using fault bypass modeling(INFORMATIK 2013 – Informatik angepasst an Mensch, Organisation und Umwelt, 2013) Rana, Rakesh; Staron, Miroslaw; Berger, Christian; Hansson, Jörgen; Nilsson, Martin; Törner, FredrikFault injection is widely used for validating dependability of computer systems. These techniques have been traditionally used for testing dependability of the both hardware and software systems. With widespread use of model based development in automotive software development more sophisticated needs arise for using fault injection techniques at the model level, which can yield significant benefits in combination with model-based testing or model mutation. In this paper, we address challenges with injecting faults into behavioral models in terms of analysis of results and propose a framework for distinguishing between correct and incorrect simulation results. The focus is laid on an important challenge encountered when injecting faults in continuous models – managing systemenvironment interdependencies. We analyze the problem in details and outline an effective approach to deal with this problem.
- TextdokumentTowards a Robust, Self-Organizing IoT Platform for Secure and Dependable Service Execution(Tagungsband des FB-SYS Herbsttreffens 2019, 2019) Eichhammer, Philipp; Berger, Christian; Reiser, Hans P.; Domaschka, Jörg; Hauck, Franz J.; Habiger, Gerhard; Griesinger, Frank; Pietron, JakobIn the IoT, resilience capabilities increasingly gain traction for applications, as IoT systems tend to play a bigger role for both the proper functioning of our society and the survivability of companies. However, hardening IoT service execution against a variety of possible faults and attacks becomes increasingly difficult as the complexity, size and heterogeneity of IoT infrastructures tend to grow further and further. Moreover, many existing solutions only regard either specific faults or security issues instead of following a unifying approach. In this position paper, we present our research project called SORRIR, which essentially is an approach to develop a self-organizing IoT platform for dependable and secure service execution. One of our main ambitions is to support developers by separating application development (app logic) from resilience properties, so that developers can configure a desired resilience degree without proper knowledge of underlying technical, implementation-level details of employed resilience mechanisms. Further, we consider security requirements and properties as an integral component of our platform.
- KonferenzbeitragTowards transactional self-adaptation for AUTOSAR on the example of a collision detection system(INFORMATIK 2012, 2012) Berger, Christian; Tichy, MatthiasWithin the last decade important automotive OEMs have created and released the system architecture standard AUTOSAR, and tools to support the development process are widely available. However, the resulting system architecture, which is logically modeled in the Virtual Functional Bus (VFB) and realized by generating a Runtime Environment (RTE), which corresponds to the concrete network of ECUs, is static in terms of runtime adaptability. As long as vehicle functions dominate which are executed exclusively on separated ECUs, there is only a limited demand for runtime adaptation. However, as soon as several vehicle functions are grouped to run on one ECU, which is enabled by AUTOSAR, or one vehicle function is composed of several independent software components, runtime adaptation is getting increasingly interesting. Potential use cases are for example energy-level based function adaptation or vehicle-to-X communication related function adaptation. In this paper, a concept of self-adaptation for AUTOSAR is outlined on the example of a collision detection and warning system, for which the timing correctness during the self-adaptation process is verified with timed automata and the model checking tool UPPAAL.