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Auflistung nach Autor:in "Blanc, Isabelle"

1 - 8 von 8
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Challenges of Electricity Production Scenarios Modelling for Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Blanc, Isabelle; Beloin-Saint-Pierre, Didier
    This communication presents a first attempt at making a life cycle assessment of prospective electricity production scenarios which were designed in the EnerGEO project. We start by a basic review of system (in this case, scenario) modelling expectations in today s LCA study. We then review some of the challenges of implementation due to the lack of detailed description of present and future electricity production systems. The importance of a detailed description is then shown with an evaluation of uncertainty of life cycle impact assessment results for three scenarios of German electricity production in 2030. The significant uncertainties we found, prevent us from detecting a relevant trend or making any comparison between the three chosen scenarios. We finally come to the conclusion that the LCA methodology will become relevant for the environmental assessment of electricity production scenarios when many more detailed information are accounted to describe future technologies, structures and sources of energy.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Environmental data for the planning of off-shore wind parks from the EnerGEO Platform of Integrated Assessment (PIA)
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Zelle, Hein; Mika, Agnes; Calkoen, Charles; Santbergen, Peter; Blanc, Isabelle; Guermont, Catherine; Menard, Lionel; Gschwind, Benoit
    The EU-sponsored EnerGEO project aims at providing decision makers with a modelling platform to assess the environmental impacts of different sources of renewable energy. One of the pillars of the project is the Wind Energy Pilot, addressing the effects of offshore wind parks on air pollution and energy use. The methods used in the pilot and the underlying environmental databases are integrated into a WebGIS client tool and made available to the public. This paper is dedicated to describing the environmental databases and supporting data incorporated in the client tool. A 27-km resolution, 11-year wind database is created using the WRF model. The wind database is used to assess the wind climate in the north-west Atlantic region and to derive the potential power output from offshore wind parks. Auxiliary data concerning water depth, distance to shore and distance to the nearest suitable port are created to aid the planning and maintenance phases. Seasonal workability conditions are assessed using a 20-year wave database. The distance at which future wind parks should be placed to exhibit different wind climates is investigated.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Environmental impact assessment of electricity production by photovoltaic system using GEOSS recommendations on interoperability
    (Innovations in Sharing Environmental Observations and Information, 2011) Menard, Lionel; Gschwind, Benoît; Blanc, Isabelle; Beloin-Saint-Pierre, Didier; Wald, Lucien; Blanc, Philippe; Ranchin, Thierry; Hischier, Roland; Gianfranceschi, Simone; Smolders, Steven; Gilles, Marc; Grassin, Cyril
    Within the Architecture Implementation Pilot (AIP-3) of GEOSS, we have developed a scenario called “environmental impact assessment of the production, transportation and use of energy for the photovoltaic (PV) sector through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)”. It aims at providing decision-makers and policy-planners with reliable and geo-localized knowledge of several impacts induced by various technologies of the PV sector. The scenario is implemented in the GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI) and benefits from the GEOSS interoperability arrangements. The FP7-co-funded EnerGEO project provides a GEOSS compliant Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW) that permits to discover the Web Processing Service (WPS) allowing computation of the environmental impact. A WebGIS client provided by the FP7-co-funded GENESIS platform allows users to interact with geospatial data and computation processes. This scenario has proven to be an efficient tool to disseminate knowledge on environmental impacts related to PV because of the GEOSS capabilities in interoperability.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Estimating particulate matter health impact related to the combustion of different fossil fuels
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Schaap, Martijn; Kuenen, Jeroen; Hendriks, Carlijn; Kranenburg, Richard; Blanc, Isabelle; Gschwind, Benoit; Wyrwa, Artur
    Exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air leads to adverse health effects. To design cost effective mitigation strategies, a thorough understanding of the sources of particulate matter is crucial. We have successfully generated a web map service that allows to access information on fuel dependent health effects due to particulate matter. For this purpose, the LOTOS-EUROS air pollution model was equipped with a source apportionment module that tracks the origin of the modelled particulate matter distributions throughout a simulation. Combined with a dedicated emission inventory PM2.5 maps specified by fuel type were generated for 2007-2009. These maps were combined with a health impact calculation to estimate Lost of Life Expectancy for each fuel categories. An user friendly web client was generated to access the results and use the web mapping service in an easy manner.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    How to assess the Environmental State of EU regions with the global concept of sustainability?
    (Sh@ring – EnviroInfo 2004, 2004) Blanc, Isabelle; Friot, Damien; Margni, Manuele; Jolliet, Olivier
    EPSILON project is aiming at assessing sustainability of all European regions to provide a quantitative tool for policy decision making. EPSILON will propose a coherent view of the economic, social, institutional and environmental state of a region, taking into account local as well as relationships indicators. EPSILON provides sustainability maps for monitoring & benchmarking of regions at different levels of aggregation of indicators thanks to a GIS integrated computerized model. This paper is focused on presenting EPFL modelling of the environmental dimension within the sustainability model. Its particularities are: The full use of the DPSIR 3 approach to define relevant environmental indicators at the State level. These indicators are structured across environmental themes (Air, Soil, Water and Land). The inclusion of proper environmental interactions across Europe by using results from transboundary fate models such as EMEP. The aggregation of environmental indicators according to scientific backgrounds. Whenever possible, this aggregation relies on the recognition of the relative impact of the pollutants on human health using the DALYs 4 parameters. These DALYs have been derived from the IMPACT2002 model, a multimedia fate and exposure model for the impact assessment of toxic chemicals covering all Western Europe (Pennington et al., 2003a).
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Human health impacts for Renewable Energy scenarios from the EnerGEO Platform of Integrated Assessment (PIA)
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Lefevre, Mireille; Gschwind, Benoit; Blanc, Isabelle; Ranchin, Thierry; Wyrwa, Artur; Drebszok, Kamila; Cofala, Janusz; Fuss, Sabine
    This article reports impact results from running the EnerGEO Platform of Integrated Assessment (PIA) related to human health for different scenarios in Europe. The scenarios were prepared within the EnerGEO project. The idea of this European project is to determine how low carbon scenarios, and in particular scenarios with a high share of renewable energy, affect concentrations of air pollutants and as a consequence affect human health. PM2.5 concentrations were estimated with the IIASA Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model on a time horizon up to the year 2050 for different scenarios. We analyse here the estimation of the Loss of Life Expectancy due to PM2.5 concentrations for the Baseline scenario taken as a reference and the Maximum renewable power scenario.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    The EnerGEO Platform of Integrated Assessment (PIA): environmental assessment of scenarios as a web service
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Blanc, Isabelle; Gschwind, Benoit; Lefevre, Mireille; Beloin-Saint-Pierre, Didier; Ranchin, Thierry; Ménard, Lionel; Cofala, Janusz; Fuss, Sabine; Wyrwa, Artur; Drebszok, Kamila; Schaap, Martijn
    With the International Energy Agency estimating that global energy demand will increase between 40 and 50 percent by 2030 (compared to 2003), scientists and policymakers are concerned about the sustainability of the current energy system and what environmental pressures might result from the development of future energy systems. EnerGEO is an ongoing FP7 Project (2009-2013) which assesses the current and future impact of energy use on the environment by linking environmental observation systems with the processes involved in exploiting energy resources. The idea of this European project is to determine how low carbon scenarios, and in particular scenarios with a high share of renewable electricity, affect emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHG) and contribute to mitigation of negative energy system impacts on human health and ecosystems. A Platform of Integrated Assessment (PIA) has been elaborated to provide impact results for a selection of scenarios via a set of models (large-scale energy models, Life Cycle Assessment models, ...). This PIA is currently available through a web service. The concept of the PIA is detailed and to illustrate its interest, a set of results is given with the use of the simulation mode of the European version of GAINS for a selection of scenarios.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Web tool for energy policy decision-making through geo-localized LCA models: A focus on offshore wind farms in Northern Europe
    (EnviroInfo Dessau 2012, Part 2: Open Data and Industrial Ecological Management, 2012) Blanc, Isabelle; Guermont, Catherine; Gschwind, Benoît; Menard, Lionel; Calkoen, Charles; Zelle, Hein
    Environmental performances of electricity generation, expressed as environmental impacts per kWh of electricity produced, depend strongly on technical, methodological and geographical parameters. When considering the global environmental performances of renewable energies, a geo-dependent life cycle assessment (LCA) taking into account geographical issues is of high. To illustrate this issue, a web map service enabling “geolocalized life cycle assessment” of offshore wind farms for different configurations has been developed. Based on a modular LCA model and on collaborative works made within the framework of the FP7 co-funded project EnerGEO, the developed tool should help decision makers in assessing the global environmental impacts caused by an offshore wind farm in Northern Europe.