Auflistung nach Autor:in "Heine, Moreen"
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- KonferenzbeitragAffinity for technology interaction and fields of study: implications for human-centered design of applications for public administration(Mensch und Computer 2020 - Tagungsband, 2020) Wessel, Daniel; Heine, Moreen; Attig, Christiane; Franke, ThomasAffinity for Technology Interaction (ATI) describes whether a person approaches or avoids interaction with technology [1], making it an important variable in human-centered design. To determine whether ATI will likely remain an important variable in the future, we compared the ATI scores of those who will develop applications (students of media and computer science) with those who will use them in a specific context (students of public administration). We also looked for possible selection biases when conducting online samples regarding technology, by comparing a self-selected online sample of public administration employees with a sample of students of public administration conducted in a classroom, in which no selection biases should have had occurred. To locate the samples in the general population we also compared them with a quota sample of the German population. Results indicate markedly different approaches to technology interaction between the student samples and the online sample being more similar to the media and computer science students. We discuss consequences for the human-centered design process, especially for understanding the users.
- ZeitschriftenartikelDyslexia and Accessibility Guidelines – How to Avoid Barriers to Access in Public Services(i-com: Vol. 21, No. 1, 2022) Kennecke, Ann-Kathrin; Wessel, Daniel; Heine, MoreenInteraction becomes increasingly digital, including interactions with public authorities, requiring websites to be accessible for all. The strong focus on written words in digital interactions allows for assistive technology to improve access for many users. However, it might impede usability for users with reading and writing difficulties. The present paper examines whether guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) sufficiently cover users with dyslexia and how usability can be improved for this user group. This paper expands a previously published version at the Mensch und Computer 2021 conference [1]. Using literature research and interviews with users with dyslexia and focusing on an application of the WCAG on the country level (a German law regulating accessibility for e-government websites), we confirmed and identified gaps in the WCAG for this group. We focus on within-site search, as this function is frequently used to find relevant information, esp. on infrequently visited sites such as e-government websites. Modifications to improve search were developed based on literature and the results of the interviews. They were empirically evaluated in an online study with 31 users with dyslexia and 71 without. Results indicate that an auto-complete function, a search that compensates for spelling errors, an indicator that the search was corrected, search term summary information, and avoidance of capital letters were useful for both groups, while wider line spacing should only be used in end-user customization.
- ZeitschriftenartikelE-Government and Smart Cities(i-com: Vol. 20, No. 2, 2021) Heine, Moreen; Jetter, Hans-Christian
- ZeitschriftenartikelE-Government und Datensouveränität – Einblicke und Lösungsansätze(HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik: Vol. 58, No. 5, 2021) Heine, Moreen; Wessel, DanielDie Digitalisierung hat alle Lebensbereiche erreicht – so auch den öffentlichen Sektor. Um bequeme E‑Government-Angebote bereitstellen zu können, müssen bürgerbezogene Daten zwischen Verwaltungen geteilt werden. Gleichzeitig verfolgen viele Kommunen Smart-City-Strategien und sind dabei auch auf den Zugang zu Daten der Bürger angewiesen. Damit stellt die Digitalisierung und Digitale Transformation im öffentlichen Sektor zunehmend mehr Anforderungen an die Datensouveränität der Bürger. Im privaten Bereich geschieht dieses Teilen und die Weitergabe von Daten häufig unreflektiert oder wenig informiert. Zwar stimmen viele Personen zu, dass ihnen Datenschutz wichtig sei, diese Einstellung zeigt sich allerdings oft nicht im Verhalten (Privacy Paradox). Ziel des Beitrags ist es, basierend auf aktueller Forschung, für die Datensouveränität relevante Eigenschaften von Websites im privaten und öffentlichen Kontext anhand von exemplarischen Fällen zu beschreiben. Unterschieden wird dabei zwischen öffentlichen Angeboten (z. B. Bürgerportale von Kommunen), besonders regulierten Angeboten (z. B. Portale von Banken und Versicherungen) und privaten Angeboten, deren Geschäftsmodell darauf beruht, möglichst umfangreiche Daten über ihre Nutzer zu sammeln (z. B. Soziale Netzwerke). Ziel ist es, Eigenschaften der Websites zu erfassen, die Auswirkungen auf die Datensouveränität auf Nutzerseite haben können und Gestaltungsempfehlungen zur Erhöhung der Datensouveränität, insbesondere für den öffentlichen Sektor, abzuleiten. Digitalisation has reached all areas of life—including the public sector. To provide convenient e‑government services, citizen-related data must be shared between administrations. At the same time, many municipalities are pursuing smart city strategies and are dependent on access to citizen data. Digitalisation and digital transformation in the public sector are thus placing increasing demands on the data sovereignty of citizens. In the private sector, sharing and transmission of data often happen unthinkingly or while lacking information. Although many people agree that privacy is important to them, this attitude is often not reflected in their behaviour (privacy paradox). Based on current research, this article aims to describe the characteristics of websites relevant to data sovereignty in private and public contexts using illustrative cases. A distinction is made between public services (e.g., citizens’ portals of municipalities), particularly regulated services (e.g., portals of banks and insurance companies), and private services whose business model is based on collecting as much data as possible about their users (e.g., social networks). The aim is to identify characteristics of the websites that can have an impact on data sovereignty on the user side and to derive design recommendations for increasing data sovereignty, especially for the public sector.
- ZeitschriftenartikelThe European commitment to human-centered technology: the integral role of HCI in the EU AI Act’s success(i-com: Vol. 23, No. 2, 2024) Valdez, André Calero; Heine, Moreen; Franke, Thomas; Jochems, Nicole; Jetter, Hans-Christian; Schrills, TimThe evolution of AI is set to profoundly reshape the future. The European Union, recognizing this impending prominence, has enacted the AI Act, regulating market access for AI-based systems. A salient feature of the Act is to guard democratic and humanistic values by focusing regulation on transparency, explainability, and the human ability to understand and control AI systems. Hereby, the EU AI Act does not merely specify technological requirements for AI systems. The EU issues a democratic call for human-centered AI systems and, in turn, an interdisciplinary research agenda for human-centered innovation in AI development. Without robust methods to assess AI systems and their effect on individuals and society, the EU AI Act may lead to repeating the mistakes of the General Data Protection Regulation of the EU and to rushed, chaotic, ad-hoc, and ambiguous implementation, causing more confusion than lending guidance. Moreover, determined research activities in Human-AI interaction will be pivotal for both regulatory compliance and the advancement of AI in a manner that is both ethical and effective. Such an approach will ensure that AI development aligns with human values and needs, fostering a technology landscape that is innovative, responsible, and an integral part of our society.
- KonferenzbeitragHow to Design User-Centered Decision Support Systems in Public Budgeting? Guidelines and a Web-Based Prototype With First Insights From a Mixed-Methods Study(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Tasche, Niklas; Dhungel, Anna-Katharina; Heine, MoreenDue to increasing complexity and high political importance, public budgeting should be technically supported in the best way possible. In this paper, the use of a decision support prototype is explored to assist stakeholders in the context of public budgeting, to address the questions of what information is needed to facilitate decisions, and how to design and embed such a system. A user-centered approach was chosen, including a context analysis, qualitative interviews, and a shortened design sprint. From the insights gained, design implications as well as two hands-on application scenarios were derived. Based on this, a high-fidelity prototype was developed with modern web technologies. Afterwards, a summative evaluation was conducted in an interactive and cohesive online survey where participants could interact directly with the embedded prototype. The results show that the majority of participants expect such a system to have a positive impact on decision-making during budget preparations. Furthermore, most of the defined design requirements were fulfilled and the usability as well as the visual aesthetics of the prototype, were evaluated in a positive manner. The design implications provide a profound basis for further research and design iterations.
- ZeitschriftenartikelOpen Data Hackathon – Vergleich von in Präsenz und online durchgeführten Projektseminaren(HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik: Vol. 58, No. 6, 2021) König, Florian; Wessel, Daniel; Heine, MoreenDie Covid-19-Pandemie hat die Einführung und die Nutzung neuer, vollständig digitaler Lehrformate und -methoden in der Hochschullehre erforderlich gemacht. Insbesondere eher informelle, hoch-interaktive Lehrveranstaltungen wie Projektseminare müssen an diese veränderten Bedingungen angepasst werden. Aber wie können bei einer Online-Durchführung die Chancen des digitalen Formates ausgeschöpft werden und mögliche Probleme reduziert werden? In diesem Beitrag kontrastieren wir die Durchführung eines Projektseminars in Form eines Hackathons in Präsenz mit einem Online-Format. Auf Basis des Stands der Forschung werden das Konzept, die Durchführung und die Ergebnisse dieser beiden Veranstaltungsformate verglichen. Der Fokus der Hackathons lag in beiden Fällen auf der Nutzung offener Daten im Kontext des öffentlichen Sektors (Open Data Hackathon). Auf Basis von qualitativen Teilnehmerbefragungen werden hierbei Verlauf, Projektergebnisse und Zufriedenheit der Teilnehmer verglichen. Dabei werden die unterschiedlichen Rahmenbedingungen (insbesondere bezüglich der Bedingungen für die Aufgabenbearbeitung und Zusammenarbeit) sowie Möglichkeiten zur Unterstützung der sozialen Interaktion untersucht und Vorschläge zur Durchführung von Online-Hackathons gegeben. The Covid 19 pandemic has necessitated introducing and using new, fully digital teaching formats and methods in higher education. In particular, more informal, highly interactive courses such as project seminars need to be adapted to the online format. How can the opportunities of digital learning formats be utilized, and potential problems be reduced? In this paper, we contrast the implementation of a project seminar in the form of a hackathon in presence vs. online format. Based on the state of the art of research, we compare the concepts, their execution, and the results of these two modes. The thematic focus of the hackathons was the use of open data in the public sector (Open Data Hackathon). Based on qualitative participant surveys, the course, project results, and participants’ satisfaction are compared. The different conditions (especially regarding task execution and collaboration) and possibilities for supporting social interaction are examined, and suggestions for the implementation of online hackathons are provided.
- KonferenzbeitragOvercoming the prevention dilemma ? Improving the accessibility of information on support services for families with a digital information platform(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Hemmie, Thilo; Wessel, Daniel; Heine, MoreenTo help ensure children do not suffer when parents are overwhelmed, many countries, including Germany, offer child protective services and family support programs. In Germany, family centers on district-level provide preventative support services. However, the families most in need of their services often face the greatest barriers to accessing these, a situation known as the “prevention dilemma.” A human-centered design process was undertaken, involving family centers and target audiences, to identify and address these barriers. The resulting native app aims to improve accessibility to support services by providing essential information. The evaluation shows the app has a high usability, was well-received by the target audience, and has the potential to mitigate some of the access barriers. This study highlights the importance of accessible support measures for vulnerable families, contributing to improved child welfare.
- KonferenzbeitragPrototypes for E-government Websites to support the Digital Sovereignty of Citizens(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Wessel, Daniel; Claudy, Sandra; Hanke, Karlson; Herzog, Christian; Preiß, Robin; Wegner, Christiane; Heine, MoreenGiven the increasingly digital interactions between citizens and public administration, E-government websites provide an opportunity to support the digital sovereignty of citizens. They can lead by example by making their data sharing processes transparent, and in turn, even raise awareness to data sharing practices in the private sector. In this demonstration we would like to present the first prototypes to achieve this end. Developed by implementing a human-centered design process, these prototypes cover three major life events that require interaction with the government and aim to show how and why data is shared between government agencies.
- KonferenzbeitragToo Bureaucratic to Flexibly Learn about AI? The Human-Centered Development of a MOOC on Artificial Intelligence in and for Public Administration(Mensch und Computer 2021 - Tagungsband, 2021) Dhungel, Anna-Katharina; Wessel, Daniel; Zoubir, Mourad; Heine, MoreenThe public sector holds enormous potential for the use of artificial intelligence, which is also recognized and supported by the government. To realize this potential, however, it is imperative that civil servants have the necessary knowledge to recognise and optimally exploit the application and utilisation possibilities of AI. Massive open online courses (MOOC) are a promising way to help civil servants gain that required knowledge. But how can such a course be designed to become accepted by this target group? In this paper, we present a human-centered development approach to develop a MOOC about AI for civil servants. Using an analysis of the target audience’s mental models, knowledge needs, and attitudes, we iteratively developed short learning units that ground the abstract AI topics in concrete case scenarios taken from the public sector. First results of an expert evaluation (expertise in adult education, public sector, and AI) look promising and further evaluations with the target group are planned.