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Auflistung nach Autor:in "Knoflacher, Markus"

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  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Berücksichtigung von Komplexität in Umweltinformationssystemen
    (Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) Knoflacher, Markus; Resetarits, Andreas
    Environmental systems are the most complex systems concerning the number of participating elements as also the number and different qualities of relationships between the elements. Along mass and energy gradients a hierarchical chain of subsystems, beginning from abiotic subsystems down to biotic subsystems can be identified. During the evolution several strategies to overcome the energetical and conditional constraints were developed in biotic systems. Consequently processes in environmental systems have characteristics which are far beyond causal reaction chains. The most obvious phenomena is non-linearity in the relationships between impact and effects. Less obvious, but also very important for understanding of reactions in environmental systems is irreversibility, adaptability, resilience and emergence. How important are this phenomena in environmental information? From the theoretical point of view it is evident that observations without consideration of basic system characteristics will produce misinformation. A big problem to accept this fact in reality is, that decoding of complex signals (e.g. from environmental systems) by any code will produce specific information to the observer. To solve the problem a structured data analysis, based on conceptual modelling can be applied. Conceptual modelling is a successful tool in identification of complex system properties because of its knowledge orientation and the possibility to integrate qualitative and quantitative factors. With a step by step modelling the relevant subsystems can be zoomed out at the relevant scales in space and time. On this basis the structured data analysis can be carried out, comprising analysis of observation method (= decoding analysis) and data analysis for information processing. To illustrate potential methodological approaches one example in information analysis of forest remote sensing data, and one example of information analysis in running water quality assessment will be presented.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Integrated Method for Extraction of Environmental Information from Research Reports
    (Environmental Communication in the Information Society - Proceedings of the 16th Conference, 2002) Knoflacher, Markus; Kopcsa, Alexander; Dumreicher, Heidi; Kolb, Bettina
    The contents of research reports of large research programmes are containing huge amount of environmental information at different levels of expression. Barriers of different interests and available time potentials are prohibiting efficiently the interdisciplinary exploitation of the information. Consequently, a huge amount of the produced information is not used for further research. These effects of information loss, and wasting of human resources is one of the critical factors in the development of knowledge in environmental research. Under consideration of these facts, a method was developed, integrating quantitative and qualitative methods for extraction of information from written reports. These method was applied for exploitation of reports from the Austrian Research Programme on Cultural Landscapes. Quantitatively the full texts are analysed by a bibliometric method (BibTechMon), with several outputs. On one hand it is possible to deliver databases about words and phrases, on the other hand it is possible to visualise the relations among the different words in a flexible way by word maps. The interpretation of the maps is made qualitatively by a linguistic approach in combination with hermeneutic analyses of interviews with selected authors. By combination of these methods it is possible to identify the meaning of word groups in relation to other word groups, independently of their disciplinary origin. With additional features of the software it is possible to identify in an integrative way information with was produced by several disciplines from separate viewpoints. So it is possible to find the interdisciplinary position of relevant terms and ideas from large research programmes.