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Auflistung nach Autor:in "Roy, Axel"

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  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Benefits of the implementation of reminder flows in LCA – illustration with energy flows
    (Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Environmental Informatics - Informatics for Environmental Protection, Sustainable Development and Risk Management, 2013) Roy, Axel; Orgelet, Julie; de Saxcé, Marie; Lees-Perasso, Etienne
    The large number of today s environmental declaration programs spreads complexity in the landscape of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) practices. The type III environmental declaration programs often require the calculation of specific reminder flows in addition to the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) results. This is not a frequently addressed topic in the LCA literature since presenting results on reminder flows is often considered as a simplified LCA. However, reminder flows appear to display more readily understandable information for a non-expert, which was a forceful argument for a better communication and comprehension of LCA results. The objective of this paper is to present the benefit of the implementation of reminder flows in terms of LCA results. A presentation of these reminder flows is given, in the context of environmental communication. To better comprehend those reminder flows, the entry data required to compute them were inventoried. A gap analysis was also performed to highlight missing data and methods for the calculation of these flows. We focused on the calculation of the energy flows recommended by the EN15804 standard. The complexity of the interactions between the reminder flows is emphasized by the fact that they are not based on the same type of input data. We showed that the International recommendations regarding the LCI data set format do not provide the essential background for the calculation of reminder flows. That s why two solutions were proposed: a classification of the analysed systems into families to facilitate the manual addition of the missing data; the creation of an algorithm in the LCA software to calculate the reminder flows automatically along with the LCIA results.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Environmental labelling of electronic products: mobile phones, laptop and tablet
    (EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Adjunct Proceedings, 2015) Prunel, Damien; Roy, Axel; Arnould, Rachel
    Electronic retailing is continually growing and evolving. New innovations such as 4G LTE network, supersized curved screens, laptops thinner and lighter than ever or connected devices stimulate consumer demand. Most people are unaware of the potential negative impact of the rapidly increasing use of electronic devices, for example, increasing scarcity of natural resources, world air cargo traffic growth, and difficulty of recycling. With the worldwide sales reaching 1.86 billion devices in 2014 only for mobile phone market, the ecological footprint of an electronic device may be small, but the cumulative effect is to be quite significant on a global scale. To reduce these impacts, consumers play a central role in sustainable production by purchasing eco-friendly products. With this in mind, FNAC, a major French cultural and electronic device retailer, has launched in 2015 the environmental labelling of three product categories: mobile phone, laptop and tablet. This eco-rating scheme is based on a life cycle approach and distinguishes devices according to two indicators: global warming potential (kg CO2 eq.), and abiotic resource depletion elements (kg Sb eq.). In order not to recreate something that already existed, the use of the Mobile phone Product Category Rules developed by the French environmental labelling program as a basis for its labelling scheme was decided. In this context, this project had to meet three challenges: How to participate in the improvement of the Mobile phone Product Category Rules? How to implement this methodology for two additional categories: laptop and tablet? And what communication formats are to be adopted to arouse the consumer interest? This article presents the main results of the environmental labelling scheme developed by Hop-Cube, with the technical support of Bureau Veritas CODDE. First of all, this article addresses various modifications to improve the Mobile phone Product Category Rules to take into account the new technological evolutions of mobile phones. Based on the results of an LCA study of 7 mobiles phones, we show that environmental impacts are mainly due to the production of the screen and integrated circuits (processor, wireless broadband network and flash memory). The OLED technology used for the production of screen is a significant environmental aspect in comparison to the LCD technology (+20% on global warming between OLED and LCD mobiles). In addition, the use of chips based on gallium arsenide (GaAs) instead of silicon (Si) for the production of LTE network integrated circuits is a significant environmental aspect on global warming (+50% between 1cm GaAs chip and 1cm Si chip mobiles). Therefore, the impacts of the other components are less important and may be simplified. The next improvement area should focus on the impact of data hosting and exchange of data. Secondly, this article summarizes the methodological transposition for two new product categories: laptop and tablet. Based on the results of an LCA study of 3 laptops and 2 tablets, we show that environmental profiles of these two categories are similar to that of mobile phones: the production of screen is the main contributor. From this, the energy consumption for the production of the screen should be a primary data. Finally, this article details the challenges regarding the choice of communication formats. Three communication formats have been retained for the environmental labeling: paper labels in stores, digital labels in stores using the screen of devices, and online posting on the website.