Auflistung nach Schlagwort "Internet-of-Things"
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- ZeitschriftenartikelSmart Bins: Fallstudienbasierte Bewertung der Nutzenpotenziale von Füllstandssensoren in intelligenten Abfallbehältern(HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik: Vol. 58, No. 5, 2021) Hoffmann, David; Franz, Ruben; Hawlitschek, Florian; Jahn, NicoSmart City-Strategien, gesellschaftliche Trends und übergeordnete Nachhaltigkeitsziele erfordern neuartige Ansätze in der Abfallentsorgung. Zentrales Element stellt dabei die Weiterentwicklung konventioneller Abfallbehälter zu intelligenten „Smart Bins“ dar. Hier verspricht insbesondere der Einsatz von Sensorik zur Erkennung von Füllgraden eine effizientere und effektivere Abhollogistik. Abfallbehälter werden üblicherweise in fest definierten Intervallen, unabhängig vom Füllgrad, geleert. Während eine verfrühte Abholung unnötige Aufwände und Emissionen zur Folge haben kann, kann eine zu späte Abholung in überfüllten Behältern und Littering-Verhalten resultieren. Zusätzlich kann der Einsatz von Sensorik in Abfallbehältern zur Verbesserung des Standplatzservice, einem besseren Behältermanagement und zu neuartigen digitalen Services beitragen. Der Einsatz von Sensorik erfordert jedoch ein Verständnis der technischen Rahmenbedingungen und den Möglichkeiten einer zielgerichteten Verwendung. Sensorik wird in der Branche noch nicht umfassend eingesetzt, auch die aktuelle Forschungslage ist fragmentiert und stützt sich überwiegend auf Simulationsstudien oder praktische Untersuchungen in laborähnlichen Szenarien. Dieser Artikel zeigt daher konkret die verschiedenen Ausprägungsformen einer sensorbasierten Messung von Behälterfüllgraden auf. Basierend auf einer multiplen Fallstudie mit drei Entsorgungsunternehmen werden anhand des praktischen Einsatzes von Sensoren zentrale Herausforderungen, Empfehlungen für weitere Pilotprojekte und Anforderungen an zukünftige Entwicklungen abgeleitet. Dieser Artikel bietet damit einerseits eine theoretisch und praktisch fundierte Entscheidungshilfe für Entsorgungsunternehmen, welche den Einsatz von Füllstandssensoren erwägen. Andererseits werden Wissenschaft und Praxis aufgerufen, die skizzierten Lösungsansätze für die identifizierten Herausforderungen mitzugestalten. Smart city strategies, social trends and overriding sustainability goals call for novel approaches to waste management. The focal element here is the further development of conventional waste containers into intelligent “smart bins”. Especially the use of sensor technology to detect filling levels in particular promises more efficient and effective waste logistics. Waste containers are usually emptied at fixed intervals, regardless of the filling level. While early waste collection may result in unnecessary expenses and emissions, late collection can result in overfilled containers and littering behavior. In addition, the use of sensor technology in waste containers may contribute to improved service levels, better container management, and novel digital services. However, the use of sensor technology requires an understanding of the technical framework and the possibilities of targeted use. Sensor technology is not yet used extensively in the industry, and the current research situation is also predominantly fragmented, relying mainly on simulation studies or practical investigations in laboratory-like scenarios. This article therefore specifically shows the different forms of sensor-based measurement of container filling levels. Based on a multiple case study with three waste management companies, challenges, recommendations for further pilot projects, and requirements for future developments are derived. To this end, this article provides a theoretically and practically sound decision-making aid for waste management companies considering the use of level sensors. Further, science and practice are invited to shape the solutions for the identified challenges.
- KonferenzbeitragSupporting the Onboarding of 3D Printers through Conversational Agents(Mensch und Computer 2021 - Tagungsband, 2021) Liu, Shi; Harun, Shahrier Erfan; Jasche, Florian; Ludwig, ThomasIn view of its capacity to create physical objects for a wide range of different potential applications, 3D printing has become increasingly popular over the years. However, given its scope of application, 3D printing can be challenging. Novice users often need assistance from experts, who are not always available. Recent interest in the development of conversational agents opens up the possibility of assisting novice users in their interactions with 3D printers, thus improving their experience. In this paper, we illustrate a potential concept of a conversational agent and present a prototype of a Telegram chatbot to improve the user experience of 3D printing.
- TextdokumentTowards a Robust, Self-Organizing IoT Platform for Secure and Dependable Service Execution(Tagungsband des FB-SYS Herbsttreffens 2019, 2019) Eichhammer, Philipp; Berger, Christian; Reiser, Hans P.; Domaschka, Jörg; Hauck, Franz J.; Habiger, Gerhard; Griesinger, Frank; Pietron, JakobIn the IoT, resilience capabilities increasingly gain traction for applications, as IoT systems tend to play a bigger role for both the proper functioning of our society and the survivability of companies. However, hardening IoT service execution against a variety of possible faults and attacks becomes increasingly difficult as the complexity, size and heterogeneity of IoT infrastructures tend to grow further and further. Moreover, many existing solutions only regard either specific faults or security issues instead of following a unifying approach. In this position paper, we present our research project called SORRIR, which essentially is an approach to develop a self-organizing IoT platform for dependable and secure service execution. One of our main ambitions is to support developers by separating application development (app logic) from resilience properties, so that developers can configure a desired resilience degree without proper knowledge of underlying technical, implementation-level details of employed resilience mechanisms. Further, we consider security requirements and properties as an integral component of our platform.
- TextdokumentTowards Resilient Data Management for the Internet of Moving Things(BTW 2021, 2021) Paz, Elena Beatriz Ouro; Zacharatou, Eleni Tzirita; Markl, VolkerMobile devices have become ubiquitous; smartphones, tablets and wearables are essential commodities for many people. The ubiquity of mobile devices combined with their ever increasing capabilities, open new possibilities for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications where mobile devices act as both data generators as well as processing nodes. However, deploying a stream processing system (SPS) over mobile devices is particularly challenging as mobile devices change their position within the network very frequently and are notoriously prone to transient disconnections. To deal with faults arising from disconnections and mobility, existing fault tolerance strategies in SPS are either checkpointing-based or replication-based. Checkpointing-based strategies are too heavyweight for mobile devices, as they save and broadcast state periodically, even when there are no failures. On the other hand, replication-based strategies cannot provide fault tolerance at the level of the data source, as the data source itself cannot be always replicated. Finally, existing systems exclude mobile devices from data processing upon a disconnection even when the duration of the disconnection is very short, thus failing to exploit the computing capabilities of the offline devices. This paper proposes a buffering-based reactive fault tolerance strategy to handle transient disconnections of mobile devices that both generate and process data, even in cases where the devices move through the network during the disconnection. The main components of our strategy are: (a) a circular buffer that stores the data which are generated and processed locally during a device disconnection, (b) a query-aware buffer replacement policy, and (c) a query restart process that ensures the correct forwarding of the buffered data upon re-connection, taking into account the new network topology. We integrate our fault tolerance strategy with NebulaStream, a novel stream processing system specifically designed for the IoT. We evaluate our strategy using a custom benchmark based on real data, exhibiting reduction in data loss and query runtime compared to the baseline NebulaStream.