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Auflistung nach Schlagwort "Wayfinding"

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  • Zeitschriftenartikel
    Landmarks are Exaggerated
    (KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 31, No. 2, 2017) Montello, Daniel R.
    In this discussion essay, I contend that the role of landmarks is exaggerated in basic and applied spatial cognition research. Specifically, I discuss empirical and theoretical arguments consistent with two claims. First, the word landmark is a label for several different concepts, although its precise reference in a particular context is rarely specified carefully. Further, whether specified or not, researchers never use the term landmark to mean everything that the concept can legitimately mean. Thus, when researchers assert something about the role of landmarks in spatial cognitive activities, they exaggerate their particular meaning at the expense of a broader ontology. Second, I claim that even when landmarks are clearly and precisely defined, their role in specifying location is misunderstood and less fundamental than proposed. In exaggerating landmarks, other important components of spatial knowledge, memory, and reasoning are undervalued. Taken together, these two claims support my contention that landmarks are exaggerated in spatial cognition.
  • Zeitschriftenartikel
    URWalking: Indoor Navigation for Research and Daily Use
    (KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 37, No. 1, 2023) Ludwig, Bernd; Donabauer, Gregor; Ramsauer, Dominik; Subari, Karema al
    In this report, we present the project URWalking conducted at the University of Regensburg. We describe its major outcomes: Firstly, an indoor navigation system for pedestrians as a web application and as an Android app with position tracking of users in indoor and outdoor environments. Our implementation showcases that a variant of the $$A^*$$ A ∗ -algorithm by Ullmann (tengetriebene optimierung präferenzadaptiver fußwegrouten durch gebäudekomplexe https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/43697/ , 2020) can handle the routing problem in large, levelled indoor environments efficiently. Secondly, the apps have been used in several studies for a deeper understanding of human wayfinding. We collected eye tracking and synchronized video data, think aloud protocols, and log data of users interacting with the apps. We applied state-of-the-art deep learning models for gaze tracking and automatic classification of landmarks. Our results indicate that even the most recent version of the YOLO image classifier by Redmon and Farhadi (olov3: An incremental improvement. arXiv, 2018) needs finetuning to recognize everyday objects in indoor environments. Furthermore, we provide empirical evidence that appropriate machine learning models are helpful to bridge behavioural data from users during wayfinding and conceptual models for the salience of objects and landmarks. However, simplistic models are insufficient to reasonably explain wayfinding behaviour in real time—an open issue in GeoAI. We conclude that the GeoAI community should collect more naturalistic log data of wayfinding activities in order to build efficient machine learning models capable of predicting user reactions to routing instructions and of explaining how humans integrate stimuli from the environment as essential information into routing instructions while solving wayfinding tasks. Such models form the basis for real-time wayfinding assistance.
  • Zeitschriftenartikel
    Visual Landmarks are Exaggerated: A Theoretical and Empirical View on the Meaning of Landmarks in Human Wayfinding
    (KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 34, No. 4, 2020) Hamburger, Kai
    Are landmarks exaggerated in human wayfinding? Daniel R. Montello says yes, and I basically agree with his opinion. However, I do agree on a different level. My aim for this discussion article is to point out why landmarks are indeed exaggerated in this research context and I will try to approach this claim from several perspectives. First, the research focus in this field is, unfortunately, mainly on visual landmarks. Second, other modalities than vision—e.g., auditory and/or olfactory senses—can be used for landmark-based wayfinding. Third, we need to clearly differentiate between conscious/effortful and unconscious/automatic processing of spatial information in the context of landmark-based wayfinding. Finally, I will suggest that landmarks, even if exaggerated in the visual domain, are (still) of significant importance in human wayfinding and spatial cognition.