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Auflistung nach Schlagwort "human-computer interaction"

1 - 10 von 23
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Activity Support For Seniors Using Public Displays: A Proof Of Concept
    (Mensch und Computer 2021 - Tagungsband, 2021) Fietkau, Julian; Stojko, Laura
    Seniors face many challenges in their daily activities regarding mobility and accessibility. We have designed and prototyped a system of networked public displays to support them, particularly regarding outdoor pedestrian navigation. This article describes the process and results of a qualitative evaluation of this prototype system, which was conducted with seven participants, a mixture of older adults and experts on geriatric care. Based on insights gained from these interviews, we provide guidance on the design of outdoor activity support systems for seniors.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Analysis and Modeling of Haptic Interaction
    (Mensch und Computer 2015 – Workshopband, 2015) Kern, Daniel
  • Workshopbeitrag
    Conscious AI and Human Communication
    (Mensch und Computer 2024 - Workshopband, 2024) Herrmann, Thomas
    Consciousness depends on communication between individuals who consider each other as alter ego. It seems to be questionable whether AI agents should be considered as a set of separated conscious individuals that cannot not directly be connected to each other. However, individualized consciousness can serve as a useful metaphor for designing human-computer interaction.
  • Zeitschriftenartikel
    Designing for empowerment – An investigation and critical reflection
    (it - Information Technology: Vol. 61, No. 1, 2019) Schneider, Hanna
    Technology bears the potential to empower people – to help them tackle challenges they would otherwise give up on or not even try, to make experiences possible that they did not have access to before. One type of such technologies – the application area of the thesis presented here – is health and wellbeing technology (HWT), such as digital health records, physical activity trackers, or digital fitness coach applications. Researchers and companies alike often claim that HWTs empower people to live healthier and happier lives. However, there is reason to challenge and critically reflect on these claims and underlying assumptions as more and more researchers are finding that technologies described as empowering turn out to be “disempowering”. This critical reflection is the starting point of the thesis presented here: Can HWTs really empower people in their everyday lives? If so, how can we design for empowerment? In my cumulative dissertation, I combine studies on existing HWTs, such as patient-controlled electronic health records and personalized mobile fitness coaches with the development of novel prototypes such as transparent digital fitness coaches that communicate their rationale to the user. By reflecting on these case studies, I come to revisit the sometimes washed-out meaning of “empowerment” in “empowering technologies”; I introduce a framework to establish conceptual clarity; and I suggest three principles to design for empowerment based on my own work and the Capability Approach by Sen and Nussbaum that aim to inform and inspire research on HWTs and beyond.
  • Dissertation
    Designing gaze-based interaction for pervasive public displays
    (2018) Khamis, Mohamed
    The last decade witnessed an increasing adoption of public interactive displays. Displays can now be seen in many public areas, such as shopping malls, and train stations. There is also a growing trend towards using large public displays especially in airports, urban areas, universities and libraries. Meanwhile, advances in eye tracking and visual computing promise straightforward integration of eye tracking on these displays for both: 1) monitoring the user's visual behavior to evaluate different aspects of the display, such as measuring the visual attention of passersby, and for 2) interaction purposes, such as allowing users to provide input, retrieve content, or transfer data using their eye movements. Gaze is particularly useful for pervasive public displays. In addition to being natural and intuitive, eye gaze can be detected from a distance, bringing interactivity to displays that are physically unreachable. Gaze reflects the user's intention and visual interests, and its subtle nature makes it well-suited for public interactions where social embarrassment and privacy concerns might hinder the experience. On the downside, eye tracking technologies have traditionally been developed for desktop settings, where a user interacts from a stationary position and for a relatively long period of time. Interaction with public displays is fundamentally different and hence poses unique challenges when employing eye tracking. First, users of public displays are dynamic; users could approach the display from different directions, and interact from different positions or even while moving. This means that gaze-enabled displays should not expect users to be stationary at a specific position, but instead adapt to users' ever-changing position in front of the display. Second, users of public displays typically interact for short durations, often for a few seconds only. This means that contrary to desktop settings, public displays cannot afford requiring users to perform time-consuming calibration prior to interaction. In this publications-based dissertation, we first report on a review of challenges of interactive public displays, and discuss the potential of gaze in addressing these challenges. We then showcase the implementation and in-depth evaluation of two applications where gaze is leveraged to address core problems in today's public displays. The first presents an eye-based solution, EyePACT, that tackles the parallax effect which is often experienced on today's touch-based public displays. We found that EyePACT significantly improves accuracy even with varying degrees of parallax. The second is a novel multimodal system, GTmoPass, that combines gaze and touch input for secure user authentication on public displays. GTmoPass was found to be highly resilient to shoulder surfing, thermal attacks and smudge attacks, thereby offering a secure solution to an important problem on public displays. The second part of the dissertation explores specific challenges of gaze-based interaction with public displays. First, we address the user positioning problem by means of active eye tracking. More specifically, we built a novel prototype, EyeScout, that dynamically moves the eye tracker based on the user's position without augmenting the user. This, in turn, allowed us to study and understand gaze-based interaction with public displays while walking, and when approaching the display from different positions. An evaluation revealed that EyeScout is well perceived by users, and improves the time needed to initiate gaze interaction by 62% compared to state-of-the-art. Second, we propose a system, Read2Calibrate, for calibrating eye trackers implicitly while users read text on displays. We found that although text-based calibration is less accurate than traditional methods, it integrates smoothly while reading and thereby more suitable for public displays. Finally, through our prototype system, EyeVote, we show how to allow users to select textual options on public displays via gaze without calibration. In a field deployment of EyeVote, we studied the trade-off between accuracy and selection speed when using calibration-free selection techniques. We found that users of public displays value faster interactions over accurate ones, and are willing to correct system errors in case of inaccuracies. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings on the design of gaze-based interaction for public displays, and how our work can be adapted for other domains apart from public displays, such as on handheld mobile dev
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    DispLagBox: simple and replicable high-precision measurements of display latency
    (Mensch und Computer 2020 - Tagungsband, 2020) Stadler, Patrick; Schmid, Andreas; Wimmer, Raphael
    The latency of a computing system affects users' performance. One important component of end-to-end latency is display lag - the time required to turn framebuffer contents into photons emitted by a computer screen. However, there is no well-documented and widely available method for measuring display lag. Thus, the effect of display lag is rarely considered in scientific studies and system development. We developed DispLagBox, a simple open-source device for measuring display lag. It supports the International Display Measurements Standard but also offers additional metrics for characterizing display lag with a resolution of 0.1 ms. The device, based on a Raspberry Pi computer, measures the time between VSYNC and a change in brightness on the connected display. Repeated measurements can be conducted automatically, so that not only average latency but also latency distributions for each device can be reported. For most displays we tested, DispLagBox reports latencies that are close to those reported by a commercial black-box measurement device. Typically, the difference is 1 - 3 ms.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    The Effect of Explanations on Trust in an Assistance System for Public Transport Users and the Role of the Propensity to Trust
    (Mensch und Computer 2021 - Tagungsband, 2021) Faulhaber, Anja K.; Ni, Ina; Schmidt, Ludger
    The present study aimed to investigate whether explanations increase trust in an assistance system. Moreover, we wanted to take the role of the individual propensity to trust in technology into account. We conducted an empirical study in a virtual reality environment where 40 participants interacted with a specific assistance system for public transport users. The study was in a 2x2 mixed design with the within-subject factor assistance system feature (trip planner and connection request) and the between-subject factor explanation (with or without). We measured trust as explicit trust via a questionnaire and as implicit trust via an operationalization of the participants’ behavior. The results showed that trust propensity predicted explicit trust, and explanations increased explicit trust significantly. This was not the case for implicit trust, though, suggesting that explicit and implicit trust do not necessarily coincide. In conclusion, our results complement the literature on explainable artificial intelligence and trust in automation and provide topics for future research regarding the effect of explanations on trust in assistance systems or other technologies.
  • Zeitschriftenartikel
    Evolution of interaction-free usage in the wake of AI
    (i-com: Vol. 23, No. 2, 2024) Herrmann, Thomas
    Interaction-free usage (IfU) will be one of the quantitatively dominant forms of computer use in the future. In qualitative terms, this form of use will cover a wide range of applications, also software that supports communication and cooperation. Digital twins for cooperation and communication will be employed by individual users to maintain a variety of social networking activities. Generative AI will play a decisive role in this development, autonomously identifying user needs, replacing the predominant form of use through prompting with question-and-answer dialogs. These dialogs will also be used to preconfigure systems for IfU phases. The counterpart to IfU, which will become ever less-frequent, is intervening interaction, when users intervene to explore and adjust the performance of AI-based systems in exceptional situations or to optimize them for future task handling.
  • Zeitschriftenartikel
    Great minds think alike. Experimental study on lexical alignment in human-agent interaction
    (i-com: Vol. 12, No. 1, 2013) Rosenthal-von der Pütten, Astrid M.; Wiering, Leonard; Krämer, Nicole
    Vor dem Hintergrund erster Ergebnisse zum lexikalischen Alignment gegenüber Computern, in denen gezeigt werden konnte, dass menschliche Nutzer sich in ihrer Wortwahl an die des Computers anpassen, wurde geprüft, ob es auch zu einer entsprechenden Anpassung an einen virtuellen Agenten im Rahmen eines Tutoring Systems kommt. In einem experimentellen between-subjects Design (N = 40) präsentierte eine virtuelle Agentin den TeilnehmerInnen unter Nutzung von entweder Laienausdrücken oder Fachbegriffen Informationen zu drei medizinischen Themen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die TeilnehmerInnen sich in beiden Bedingungen an die Wortwahl der Agentin anpassen, es kommt aber nicht zu unterschiedlichen Zuschreibungen hinsichtlich Kompetenz oder Sympathie.
  • Workshopbeitrag
    The Implementation of Protective Measures and Communication of Cybersecurity Alerts in Germany - A Representative Survey of the Population
    (Mensch und Computer 2022 - Workshopband, 2022) Kaufhold, Marc-André; Bäumler, Julian; Reuter, Christian
    Despite the merits of digitization in private and professional spaces, critical infrastructures and societies are increasingly exposed to cyberattacks. We conducted a representative survey with German citizens (N=1,093) to examine how they assess the current and future cyber threat situation as well as possible protective measures in cyberspace. Furthermore, we asked what information and channels citizens need to be aware of cyber threats. Our findings indicate that large proportions of the German population feel inadequately informed about cyber threats and tend to only apply enforced security measures by programs (e.g., updates) and services (e.g., two-factor authentication). Furthermore, institutions such as state-level Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) are relatively unknown among the population and respondents showed little confidence in German security authorities to cope with largescale attacks and ultimately protect citizens. Still, our participants prefer to receive cybersecurity information via installed security applications, television channels, or emergency warning apps.