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Semantics for I4.0 Smart Manufacturing
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2021
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Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Zusammenfassung
In the realm of ‚Smart Manufacturing' the ‚SemNorm' Project addresses the question of how to at derive an executable Digital Twin (DT) from standards. A Digital Twin is a virtual representation that embodies an asset of any type {[}IOSB18{]}. In that sense a DT is compared to the Asset Administration Shell (AAS). Smart Manufacturing is a real thing of a factory represented by its structure and behavior of inter-connected things that generate real-time data {[}IOSB18{]}. By combining Smart Manufacturing processes with a Digital Twin it is intended to validate operations of a production systems in real-time. In general the properties of inter-operating things respectively systems, and especially the properties of energy transportation between systems are considered to be the ‚Prove of Concepts' (PoC) of semantics. When The Information Technology (IT) that processes data and up to some extend information, is compared to the technology that enables communication among things or objects then the technology is called Operation Technology (OT). Whereas the semantics of IT is straight-forward, namely the interpretation of data objects in different contexts of a sending and a receiving environment, the semantics of OT is achieved on two levels. The the first (informal) level explains semantics as a narrative of how things are processed in a smart manufacturing plant, whereas the second (formal) level defines semantics more formally, i.e. by means of graph manipulations. Graph Manipulations represent sequences of events that are related to the narrative of talking about inter-operations among things. At same time a graph is a computational representation in terms of sequences of events (so-called runs) that are executable by appropriate tools from the shelve. Thus graph computations and told narratives are said to be ‚similar', respectively ‚comparable' since they are related to each other by a morphism i.e. the formal relationship between artifacts of graphs, artifacts from the standard ontology and artifacts of the technical asset domain. The OT narration validated by a graph semantics analysis is finally to be transformed into a standard's document which is then called to be a Semantic Standard. This process is a backward transformation of interoperation properties from a semantic representation into an English text that describes the requirements of these properties. In a forward transformation it is started with the textual standards together with the derived guidelines to transform the standard into a semantic representation respectively a Digital Twin.