Tesch, DebbieKlein, GaryDicenza, RichardMartz, BenAbramowicz, WitoldMayr, Heinrich C.2019-08-122019-08-1220062-88579-179-Xhttps://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/24148User participation is an accepted practice for reducing risks during system development. Little is known with regard to which specific risks are mitigated and which user activities are most important. This report describes preliminary results that divide risks into technical expertise and more general process expertise to determine if early partnering or ongoing activities moderate risk more fully.enText/Conference Paper1617-5468