C. Mayr, HeinrichThalheim, BernhardMichael, JudithWeske, Mathias2024-02-192024-02-192024978-3-88579-742-5https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/43618Modeling is crucial to most disciplines. It has been widely researched, taught, and practiced for many years. One should think that with all the intelligent works, published in thousands of papers, hardly any fundamental question remains open.However, even a simple sounding question like 'When is a model a conceptual one?' has no universally valid or at least broadly accepted answer. Given the many modeling languages and tools offered as ``conceptual'', such question may seem quixotic and academic. However, a scientist should be concerned if he or she researches and teaches in the field of modeling but cannot give an incontrovertible answer. We report here extensions of the work that should facilitate answering basic questions of this kind. It is based on a taxonomy of the characteristics of (conceptual) models and the ``triptych paradigm'' assuming that conceptual modeling consists of a central model part, the instrumentation by a language, and the inherited world semantics within the given application. This leads to the triptych dimensions of models, their linguistic representation, and the meaning and semantic grounding of each intensional model element. It also allows a systematic view of the hierarchy-creating relationships occurring in each dimension.enModelConceptual ModelFundamentals of Conceptual ModelingTriptych ParadigmText/Conference Paper10.18420/modellierung2024_0161617-5468