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- ZeitschriftenartikelWhat if we had a democratic, capitalistic online marketplace?(Informatik Spektrum: Vol. 43, No. 1, 2020) Vogt, JoëlCan consumer ownership schemes provide a more democratic financing mechanism for the online marketplace? When it comes to being successful as an online platform, size matters. The network effect, which tells us that the value of a platform increases exponentially as a function of the user base, creates a natural concentration of power, if you’re a vendor trying to sell or advertise products, you will pick the platform with the largest audience. The network effect also creates an exit barrier, as moving to a competing platform without the same reach and user base means fewer potential customers. The consumer ownership scheme that I will be focusing on is the Consumer Stock Ownership Plan pioneered by Louis Kelso. The CSOP is a method of corporate finance that enables consumers to buy an ownership interest in a company on which they heavily rely. It is a democratic capitalistic tool to mitigate the harm caused monopolies or oligopolies. A CSOP does not require consumers to buy the company’s shares in the stock market. Instead, the company acquires its shares in a trust on behalf of consumers and uses dividends to amortise the investment. Shares that are fully amortised are transferred to their owners. In this essay, I make the case that CSOP financing for online marketplaces makes sense for three reasons. A CSOP does not discriminate against those who lack the capital to acquire shares in the first place;
- ZeitschriftenartikelSchlusspunkt: Demokratie in Zeiten des Internets – (m)ein Reifungsprozess(Informatik Spektrum: Vol. 43, No. 1, 2020) Portmann, EdyDie Digitalisierung erfordert von uns verstärkt die Fähigkeit, innovative soziotechnische Systeme zu gestalten. Herbert A. Simon begriff in diesem Zusammenhang Gestaltung als eine «Wissenschaften vom Künstlichen». Als gestaltungsorien- tierter (Wirtschafts-)Informatiker beschäftigte ich mich als Förderprofessor der Schweizerischen Post bis vor kurzem vor allem mit postalischen Innovationen. Um zu innovieren, arbeitet die Post nämlich über (Disziplins-)Grenzen hinweg mit meinem Human-IST Institut zusammen, um für die Schweizer Bürger zukünftige, intelligente Produkte und Dienstleistungen zu entwickeln. In diesem Sinne gehe ich hier zuerst auf diese transdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit ein, die wegen ihrer technischen Ausrichtung meine bisherige Sicht auf die Demokratie prägte. Danach stelle ich dieser Ansicht jedoch meine heutige Sicht entgegen, die sich (in Zeiten des allgegenwärtigen Internets) mit einer demokratischen (und föderalistischen) Digitalisierung unserer Netzwerkindustrie beschäftigt. Abschliessend befasse ich mich mit dem Auslöser meines Reifungsprozesses, sprich einer regulatorischen Komponente für künstliche Intelligenz, mit welcher sich auch die Europäische Union zum Schutz ihrer Bürger immer stärker beschäftigt.
- ZeitschriftenartikelMitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Informatik 261. Folge(Informatik Spektrum: Vol. 43, No. 1, 2020) Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
- ZeitschriftenartikelFrom Intelligent to Wise Machines: Why a Poem Is Worth More Than 1 Million Tweets(Informatik Spektrum: Vol. 43, No. 1, 2020) Picca, DavideIn recent years, the interest in artificial intelligence and big data has grown exponentially, and the amount of data produced every day is truly staggering. Data are considered to be the “new oil” making algorithms capable of delivering meaningful information, which makes them more “intelligent.” In this position paper, we review the DIKW pyramid model, shedding a new light on each component. In particular, examining the engineering point of view, we focus on the definition of information, giving it a new conceptual structure. If tradition has always considered information as data-bearing meaning, in this paper, we argue that information is not meaningful. In fact, from the analysis of Shannon’s studies in communication engineering, we highlight how the notion of meaning is not necessary for the definition of information. It follows that we need to explore other paths in order to find a sustainable conceptual theory able to provide a new insight. Therefore, we show how it will not only be necessary to carry out a semiotic revolution to be able to introduce meaning into the communicative act, but it is also necessary to introduce the figure of an interpreting agent. Thanks to the interaction between such interpretative acts, which take place in conscious freedom à la Eco, cultural units emerge. Thus, we should address part of today’s research into new forms of data in order to facilitate a semiotic revolution. In particular, digital humanities and cultural heritage can funnel a new type of data for which semiotic representativeness has a greater degree of quality. Knowledge and wisdom are the next steps to truly craft intelligent machines.
- ZeitschriftenartikelEinsichten eines Informatikers von geringem Verstande - Bär, Bulle, Dachs und Co(Informatik Spektrum: Vol. 43, No. 1, 2020) Wilhelm, Reinhard
- ZeitschriftenartikelDemocracy and the language of power(Informatik Spektrum: Vol. 43, No. 1, 2020) Stone, RobData is a language spoken and transcribed by those without literacy. A form of capital produced by those without knowledge of its production. Our data has become a language owned as a capital. The concentration of ownership over “data capital” has created an unprecedented asymmetry of information and economic power; which calls into question the viability of a political and economic democracy. Meanwhile, we are presented with a singular yet temporary opportunity to take back ownership and control over the new language of power by claiming ownership over the productive power of the data we collectively serve to create. The following essay seeks to examine (a) the distinct nature of current technology platforms (b) the network effects at work within such platforms (c) the implications of replacing a platfrom owned by “absenstee” shareholders with one owned by those who comprise the platform/network.
- ZeitschriftenartikelWalter Hower: Informatik-Bausteine – Eine komprimierte Einführung(Informatik Spektrum: Vol. 43, No. 1, 2020) Plecher, David A.
- ZeitschriftenartikelEditorisches Interview: Demokratie in Zeiten des Internets(Informatik Spektrum: Vol. 43, No. 1, 2020) Pagel, Peter; Portmann, Edy; Vogt, Joël
- ZeitschriftenartikelBlockchain and society(Informatik Spektrum: Vol. 43, No. 1, 2020) Caradonna, ToniIn this text, the origin of blockchain technology is explained and put into the context of three waves of digitalization: digitalization of information represented by the internet, digitalization of communities and community building tools represented by social media and digitalization of value represented by blockchain. The text will show that blockchain can bring back promised features of digitalization of the first two waves, features that were lost with centralization tendencies created by business models that are independent of the underlying technology. After a short introduction to the terminology, a map of the potential blockchain has for society is sketched. The text also debates the decentralization aspects of the technology and the challenges it poses for individuals and organizations. Later, the storytelling aspects, as well as some religious aspects within and around the blockchain community are analyzed. Finally, some thoughts about adoption scenarios are laid out, and some ideas why blockchains have become very important in Switzerland are formulated. The focus of this text is on the opportunities and strengths of the technology. It deliberately oversimplifies the technological aspects in order to focus on the implication of the technology on society.
- ZeitschriftenartikelDatentrickserei im Taxigewerbe – von Abzocke bis Steuerbetrug(Informatik Spektrum: Vol. 43, No. 1, 2020) Lenz, Hans-J.