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P323 - Sicherheit 2022 - Sicherheit, Schutz und Zuverlässigkeit

https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/40129
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Auflistung P323 - Sicherheit 2022 - Sicherheit, Schutz und Zuverlässigkeit nach Autor:in "Bayreuther, Saskia"

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  • Textdokument
    On CRDTs in Byzantine Environments
    (GI SICHERHEIT 2022, 2022) Jacob, Florian; Bayreuther, Saskia; Hartenstein, Hannes
    Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) allow updates to be applied to different replicas independently and concurrently, without the need for a remote conflict resolution. Thus, they provide a building block for scalability and performance of fault-tolerant distributed systems. Currently, CRDTs are typically used in a crash fault setting for global scale, partition-tolerant, highly available databases or collaborative applications. In this paper, we explore the use of CRDTs in Byzantine environments. This exploration is inspired by the popular Matrix messaging system: as recently shown, the underlying Matrix Event Graph replicated data type represents a CRDT that can very well deal with Byzantine behavior. This “Byzantine Tolerance” is due to mechanisms inherent in CRDTs and in the hash-based directed acyclic graph (HashDAG) data structure used in Matrix. These mechanisms restrict Byzantine behavior. We, therefore, discuss Byzantine behavior in a context of CRDTs, and how the notion of Byzantine tolerance relates to equivocation. We show that a subclass of CRDTs is equivocation-tolerant, i.e., without equivocation detection, prevention or remediation, this subclass still fulfills the CRDT properties, which leads to Byzantine tolerance. We conjecture that an operation-based Byzantine-tolerant CRDT design supporting non-commutative operations needs to be based on a HashDAG data structure. We close the paper with thoughts on chances and limits of this data type.