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Auflistung nach Autor:in "Friedemann, Julia"

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  • Konferenzbeitrag
    External noise costs from transport - How are they estimated and how are they distributed within society?
    (EnviroInfo Dessau 2012, Part 1: Core Application Areas, 2012) Becker, Thilo; Friedemann, Julia
    It is well recognised that noise may cause or contribute to a variety of negative impacts on human well-being and health. The calculation of external costs allows to quantify the economic relevancy of these different noise impacts and to summarize them to a single monetary unit. Typically, external cost calculations do not reflect the distribution of impacts among the members of a society. In contrast, the here presented methodology aims at quantifying external noise costs for different socio-demographic groups in order to examine whether certain groups may be affected by noise more than others. For this purpose, data from strategic noise maps are used to compute external costs per exposed person on the level of street sections. Then, noise costs are overlaid with differentiated information about the social composition of neighbourhoods, especially regarding the share of inhabitants with migration background as well as the share of inhabitants receiving social welfare. The results show that noise exposure differs significantly between socio-demographic groups. Inequalities may exist dependent on the place of residence and may be combined with other burdens. The analysis, which combines approaches from environmental justice research with the concept of external cost calculation, tries to raise political awareness of equity issues in urban- and transportation planning.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Verteilungswirkung von Verkehrslärm in Berlin - Methoden und Ergebnisse
    (Frühwarn- und Informationssysteme für den Hochwasserschutz, 2012) Becker, Thilo; Friedemann, Julia
    Noise causes a variety of negative impacts on human wellbeing and health. The main impacts are considered to be annoyance due to noise and health impacts. Traffic noise emission levels may vary greatly on a very small scaled level due to differences in traffic flows, distances between source and receiver, as well as reflection and attenuation. This may lead to a rather unequal distribution of noise exposition among the inhabitants of an urban environment. In our analysis, we examine whether this unequal noise distribution reflects the social distribution of a city, leading to a situation where most deprived social groups are affected most by noise. For this purpose, we use data from strategic noise maps in order to compute external noise costs per exposed person on the level of street sections. We thereby transfer noise exposition to a single monetary unit, allowing us to directly compare different noise levels and to quantify the economic damage associated with high noise exposition. In a next step, noise costs are overlaid with differentiated information about the social composition of neighborhoods. The indicators used are the share of inhabitants with migration background as well as the share of inhabitants receiving social welfare on the level of street sections. The results show that noise exposure differs significantly between the analyses socio-demographic groups. Noise costs are on average twice as high for the most advantaged groups compared to the least advantaged groups. The results clearly state, that noise mitigation measures are not only a matter of environmental protection but also of social planning and public health.