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External noise costs from transport - How are they estimated and how are they distributed within society?
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Datum
2012
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Shaker Verlag
Zusammenfassung
It is well recognised that noise may cause or contribute to a variety of negative impacts on human well-being and
health. The calculation of external costs allows to quantify the economic relevancy of these different noise impacts
and to summarize them to a single monetary unit. Typically, external cost calculations do not reflect the distribution
of impacts among the members of a society. In contrast, the here presented methodology aims at quantifying external
noise costs for different socio-demographic groups in order to examine whether certain groups may be affected by
noise more than others. For this purpose, data from strategic noise maps are used to compute external costs per exposed person on the level of street sections. Then, noise costs are overlaid with differentiated information about the
social composition of neighbourhoods, especially regarding the share of inhabitants with migration background as
well as the share of inhabitants receiving social welfare. The results show that noise exposure differs significantly
between socio-demographic groups. Inequalities may exist dependent on the place of residence and may be combined with other burdens. The analysis, which combines approaches from environmental justice research with the
concept of external cost calculation, tries to raise political awareness of equity issues in urban- and transportation
planning.