Auflistung nach Autor:in "Saalfeld, Patrick"
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- Workshopbeitrag3D User Interfaces for Interactive Annotation of Vascular Structures(Mensch und Computer 2015 – Proceedings, 2015) Saalfeld, Patrick; Glaßer, Sylvia; Preim, BernhardA large number of scientific documents show additional information through annotations, which can also be used in interactive 3D environments. Here, labels are usually placed on an image plane and do not benefit from the 3D domain to convey, e.g., depth cues. These are especially important for spatially complex structures, such as the Circle of Willis, which is the central part of the cerebral vessel system. We present an approach for diegetic annotations, i.e., labels which are part of the 3D world. Based on the wide space for possible label positions and orientations, we enable the user to interactively create and position labels. For this, we present a concept for a 3D User Interface (3D UI) setup in a semi-immersive and a fully-immersive environment. Furthermore, we describe an evaluation design to evaluate the different setups.
- Dissertation3D User Interfaces for Interventional Support and Medical Education(2018) Saalfeld, PatrickSpatial user interfaces hold the opportunity to improve the interaction with medical structures in several domains. This thesis presents spatial input and output devices as well as interaction techniques that support physicians during interventions, students and teachers in medical education, and patients and physicians during patient education. Physicians are supported with freehand gestures that are used as a touchless interaction technique to control interventional imaging software. This enables them to investigate patient’s radiographic scans during interventions in a sterile manner. Patient education, medical teaching and therapy planning are supported with the natural interaction technique of sketching. Here, approaches are presented to sketch vascular structures, pathologies, treatment options and blood flow in real-time, either as 2D or 3D structures. For this purpose, an interactive whiteboard and a spatial input and output device is used (namely the zSpace). Furthermore, this thesis presents general guidelines for the evaluation of interactive medical visualizations. This comprises quantitative and qualitative methods, directives for the collection of data, the definition of tasks and experimental designs as well as the selection of appropriate statistical tests. The conducted evaluations within this thesis follow these guidelines, which allows to assess them with quantitative and qualitative aspects. The presented prototypes show the potential for touchless interaction with medical image data, the chance to support patients in understanding the impact of different treatment strategies, and the opportunity in helping students to learn particularities and spatial relationships of vascular configurations.
- KonferenzbeitragComparative Evaluation of Gesture and Touch Input for Medical Software(Mensch und Computer 2015 – Proceedings, 2015) Saalfeld, Patrick; Mewes, André; Luz, Maria; Preim, Bernhard; Hansen, ChristianThe interaction with medical software during interventions challenges physicians due to the limited space and the necessary sterility. Current input modalities such as touch screen control present a direct, natural interaction which addresses usability aspects but do not consider these challenges. A promising input modality is freehand gesture interaction, which allows sterile input and a possibly larger interaction space. This work compares gesture and touch input regarding task duration to perform typical intervention tasks and intuitiveness. A user study with ten medical students shows mostly significantly better results for touch screen interaction. Despite the advantages of freehand gestures, it is debatable whether these can compensate the better efficiency and usability results of touch screen interaction in the operating room.
- KonferenzbeitragAn Immersive System for Exploring and Measuring Medical Image Data(Mensch und Computer 2017 - Tagungsband, 2017) Saalfeld, Patrick; Patzschke, Johannes; Preim, BernhardWe present an immersive system to explore and measure medical 2D and 3D data for treatment planning. Our focus lies on interaction techniques, which are oriented on the workflow of treatment planning. We use the head-mounted display from an Oculus Rift DK2 as output device. For input, we use a stylus from a zSpace and implement ray-based interaction techniques. Our system is designed to be used in a sitting position at a desk, similar to the treatment planning environment of a physician. The stylus is grabbed equally to a pen and allows precise input, which is important for measurements. We evaluated our prototype with computer scientists, stating exploratory and measurement tasks on medical 2D and 3D data. Here, we assessed the time, usability, felt presence and informal feedback. Our results show that our exploration and measurement techniques are fast, easily understood and support presence. However, tracking losses due to infrared interference have to be solved for further studies with physicians.
- KonferenzbeitragSupporting Anatomy Education with a 3D Puzzle in a Virtual Reality Environment(Mensch und Computer 2019 - Tagungsband, 2019) Pohlandt, Daniel; Preim, Bernhard; Saalfeld, PatrickWe designed an immersive VR system to support the imagination of complex anatomical structures. By solving a 3D puzzle of anatomical models, medical students learn names and spatial relations. The approach is proposed as a supplement to the work with traditional human body donors. To meet the needs of medical students and satisfy the different stages of learning, the approach contains different modes that help the student to gather and review medical knowledge. Different feedback mechanisms that support the student with the puzzle task in the virtual reality world, are proposed as well. The concept is realized as a prototype application using the HTC Vive and the Unity game engine. This prototype is evaluated in a qualitative user study. Our pilot study suggests that a 3D puzzle in a fully immersive virtual reality environment can be a valuable extension to traditional teaching methods in the medical curriculum. A comparative evaluation is needed to support this impression.
- KonferenzbeitragTouchless Measurement of Medical Image Data for Interventional Support(Mensch und Computer 2017 - Tagungsband, 2017) Saalfeld, Patrick; Kasper, Dominique; Preim, Bernhard; Hansen, ChristianThe preservation of sterility is essential during interventions. Based on interviews with physicians and observed interventions, we derive requirements for touchless distances measurements. We present interaction techniques to apply these measurements on medical 2D image data and 3D planning models using the Leap Motion Controller. A comparative user study with three medical students and eleven non-medical participants was conducted, comparing freehand gesture control with the established, but non-sterile mouse and keyboard control. We assessed the time, accuracy and usability during 2D and 3D distance measurement tasks. The freehand gesture control performed worse compared to mouse and keyboard control. However, we observed a fast learning curve leading to a strong improvement for the gesture control, indicating that longer training times could make this input modality competitive. We discuss whether the advantage of sterility of gesture control can compensate for its inferior performance.