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- KonferenzbeitragVerifiability and other technical requirements for online voting systems(Electronic voting in Europe - Technology, law, politics and society, workshop of the ESF TED programme together with GI and OCG, 2004) Meißner, Niels; Hartmann, Volker; Richter, DieterWhen developing a catalogue of technical requirements for online voting systems to be used in legally ruled, non-parliamentary elections, major interdisciplinary problems arise which currently cannot be solved. Technical requirements are not yet definable due to lacking legal preconditions, and legal definitions are not yet definable due to lacking technical experience. Problems of this type are the role of a technically necessary intermediate storage of votes, the so-called last call problem and the general problem of ensuring verifiability. The problem of verifiability is discussed from the technical point of view to bring forward a possible solution1.
- KonferenzbeitragE-voting: Switzerland's projects and their legal framework – in a European context(Electronic voting in Europe - Technology, law, politics and society, workshop of the ESF TED programme together with GI and OCG, 2004) Braun, NadjaFirstly, the reader is introduced to the Swiss political system, which can be described as a federalist state with direct democracy. Secondly, the Swiss e-voting pilot projects will be presented, against the background of the political system. Switzerland runs three pilot projects in order to test the feasibility of e- voting. In a third part the legal framework of e-voting in Switzerland is highlighted. In a fourth part the work of the Council of Europe is addressed. A last part contains Recommendations to the Swiss legislator. Today, the legal scheme allows for pilot projects. Should e-voting be introduced in Switzerland, the legal basis has to be adapted, taking into account the experience acquired through the pilot projects, and the Council of Europe's Recommendation on e-voting.
- KonferenzbeitragSecurity as belief user's perceptions on the security of electronic voting systems(Electronic voting in Europe - Technology, law, politics and society, workshop of the ESF TED programme together with GI and OCG, 2004) Oostveen, Anne-Marie; Besselaar, Peter van denIn this paper a pilot e-voting system is being studied to gain insight into the complexity of IT security issues. The current debate about whether or not electronic voting systems need to have a verifiable paper audit trail provides the context of the paper. According to many researchers a voter-verified paper trail is the only way voters can have confidence that their vote has been recorded correctly. However, technologists start to acknowledge that security mechanisms are fundamental social mechanisms. Trust is of great importance; people no longer have a blind faith in scientific objectivity and the "experts". We examine the opinions of users involved in the testing of the TruE-Vote e-voting system, in particular concerning issues like security, verifiability and trust. The results do indeed suggest that IT security is more than just a technological issue.
- KonferenzbeitragTransparency and e-voting democratic vs. commercial interests(Electronic voting in Europe - Technology, law, politics and society, workshop of the ESF TED programme together with GI and OCG, 2004) McGaley, Margaret; McCarthy, JoeElectronic voting systems are being introduced, and have been introduced, in many countries for a variety of reasons. The introduction of computers into the electoral process can offer several advantages. Among other things it can speed up the process of calculating results, can help voters avoid accidentally spoiling their vote, and can allow voters with special needs to vote in private. Often, however, little consideration is given to the potential negative effects of electronic voting. We examine some of these negative effects in terms of the three streams of this conference: technology, law, and politics, with particular emphasis on the situation in the Republic of Ireland. The over-arching theme of this paper is that the introduction of technology into the democratic process can reduce transparency, and risks private commercial interests being given priority over public democratic interests.
- KonferenzbeitragRemote e-voting and coercion: a risk-assessment model and solutions(Electronic voting in Europe - Technology, law, politics and society, workshop of the ESF TED programme together with GI and OCG, 2004) Acker, Bernard vanThis paper, useful to anyone who has to address the public and representatives of the world of politics, focuses on the specific topic of resistance to vote-coercion. By using a model, we want to illustrate the implicit – and possibly realistic – assumption that vote-buying is not profitable or doable in current conditions. But these assumptions do not necessarily hold good in all environments. For those environments, recent – mainly cryptographic – publications show that coercion-resistant remote e-voting schemes are indeed possible.
- KonferenzbeitragE-democracy in E-Austria(Electronic voting in Europe - Technology, law, politics and society, workshop of the ESF TED programme together with GI and OCG, 2004) Rupp, ChristianChristian Rupp has been appointed Federal Executive Secretary of E- Government in May of 2003. At that point of time a new E-Government Platform was introduced. He reports on the current developments of E-Democracy in Austria.
- KonferenzbeitragE-voting and the architecture of virtual space(Electronic voting in Europe - Technology, law, politics and society, workshop of the ESF TED programme together with GI and OCG, 2004) Maidou, Anthoula; Polatoglou, Hariton M.One of the basic principles of architecture is that of the relation between function and form. It is a common fact that in most cases form reveals or refers to function. Thus by observing the form of a building one can envisage its function. Although the forms are different in different periods of history for reasons like the use of certain building materials and building methods, the specific socioeconomic conditions and the type of governance, one can find very few exceptions to the rule. The prevailing type of governance today is democracy and we are in a stage of dramatic change in the way people interact, get information and decide what to do concerning governance. This is mainly due to the revolutionary change in the communication, processing, representation and availability of information brought by the tremendous progress in the field of informatics. The representation is not restricted to some material form but it can take also an electronic form, existing in virtual space. Therefore there is great need for an architecture of the virtual space and even more important to establish a relation between form and function in the new environment. In this work we propose some principles and present some virtual space representations appropriate for e-democracy and e-voting.
- KonferenzbeitragThe dimensions of electronic voting – Technology, law, politics and society(Electronic voting in Europe - Technology, law, politics and society, workshop of the ESF TED programme together with GI and OCG, 2004) Prosser, Alexander; Krimmer, RobertSince the Internet boom in the 1990's the question has arisen, will it be possible to vote via the Internet one day. In many European countries and around the world initiatives of research institutions, private organisations and governments have tried to provide an electronic solution to this key democratic process. As many projects there are, as many different strategies lie behind that. Based on similar studies out of the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland, this article develops a register of criteria to assess and compare different E-Voting initiatives on national and project level using four key dimensions: Technology, Law, Politics and Society.
- KonferenzbeitragFrom legal principles to an Internet voting system(Electronic voting in Europe - Technology, law, politics and society, workshop of the ESF TED programme together with GI and OCG, 2004) Volkamer, Melanie; Hutter, DieterPast research on Internet voting has been concentrated on two aspects. First, there are investigations to find the appropriate balance between anonymity and authentication. Second, the impact of the use of Internet voting to legislation has been studied. In this paper we analyze the impact of legislation to the design of a real Internet voting system. We discuss how legal aspects constitute security requirements on a technical level and refine the security requirements on the design level to corresponding security requirements of the resulting system.