Auflistung Tagungsband MuC 2022 nach Erscheinungsdatum
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- KonferenzbeitragPerceptions and Use of Warning Apps – Did Recent Crises Lead to Changes in Germany?(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Haunschild, Jasmin; Kaufhold, Marc-André; Reuter, ChristianWarning and emergency apps are an integral part of crisis informatics and particularly relevant in countries that currently do not have cell broadcast, such as Germany. Previous studies have shown that such apps are regarded as relevant, but only around 16% of German citizens used them in 2017 and 2019. With the COVID-19 pandemic and a devastating flash flood, Germany has recently experienced severe crisis-related losses. By comparing data from representative surveys from 2017, 2019 and 2021, this study investigates whether these events have changed the perceptions of warning apps and their usage patterns in Germany. The study shows that while multi-hazard emergency and warning apps have been easily surpassed in usage by COVID-19 contact tracing apps, the use of warning apps has also increased and the pandemic has added new desired features. While these have been little-used during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially non-users see smartphone messengers app channels as possible alternatives to warning apps. In addition, regional warning apps appear promising, possibly because they make choosing a warning app easier when there are several available on the market.
- KonferenzbeitragEthical Challenges in Inclusive Software Development Projects with People having Cognitive Impairments(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Dirks, SusanneThe benefits of participatory approaches in software development are widely recognized when it comes to developing well-designed and well-usable systems. However, the inclusion of users with impairments in research and development projects remains a rarity in practice, with many ethical, technical and social challenges. People with cognitive impairments are at a particular disadvantage in their opportunities to participate in the digital transformation. Compared to other groups of people with impairments, they have few technical tools at their disposal to improve the accessibility of digital resources. As a result, they often rely on the support of family members or caregivers. In order to develop appropriate technologies to support this ever-growing group of people, they need to be more involved in technical research and development. So far, there are very few methods and approaches to help address ethical and social challenges in inclusive software development projects. In the EU Horizon 2020 funded project EasyReading, a software framework for automatic personalized simplification of existing websites was developed together with people with cognitive impairments. This paper presents the methods developed in the project and solutions to the ethical challenges in the project. A final discussion evaluates the practical implications of the developed solutions for development projects with people with cognitive impairments. Still existing limitations of the developed methods are pointed out and impulses for further research are given.
- KonferenzbeitragFootprints Without Borders: An Interactive Installation for Tangible Communication About Consumption-Based CO2 Emissions in an Exhibition Context(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Merkle, Anne F.; Herzog, Michael A.; Schumacher, DominikLooking at consumption-based emissions is directly relevant to policy discussions. In order to develop effective climate strategies, climate policy needs to address the root causes, which requires an understanding of outsourced CO2 emissions. Using a design science research methodology process, an interactive installation was developed to communicate scientifically collected data in an exhibition environment. A three-dimensional and tangible world map allows to explore territorial emissions in contrast to cosumption-based emissions visually and haptically. Evaluation findings indicate that the exhibit supports different levels of understanding according to Bloom’s taxonomy. The developed design and interaction concept was evaluated in early user tests showing high pragmatic and very high hedonic qualities. Based on first results, the designed learning object offers an alternative approach to inform about outsourced emissions and to promote the discourse about effective climate strategies
- KonferenzbeitragOnline Service Switching Intentions and Attitudes towards Data Portability – The Role of Technology-related Attitudes and Privacy(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Luzsa, Robert; Mayr, Susanne; Syrmoudis, Emmanuel; Grossklags, Jens; Kübler-Wachendorff, Sophie; Kranz, JohannThe European General Data Protection Regulation aims at empowering users of online services. In particular, the Right to Data Portability is intended to facilitate switching between online services by allowing users to port data between service providers. However, little is known about psychological factors that influence whether users desire switching between services and using data portability. Identifying such factors could support the design of userfriendly data portability solutions and awareness-raising measures, thereby strengthening users’ digital sovereignty. The present study therefore examines predictors of users’ intentions to switch online services and their attitudes towards data portability (i.e., intention to use portability). Drawing upon related research, switching intentions and attitudes towards data portability are assumed tobe affected by users’ technology acceptance, technology competency and subjective importance of privacy. An online quantitative questionnaire study with a large, sociodemographically diverse German sample (N = 995) was conducted, and data were analyzed via logistic regression modelling. The results reveal that switching intentions are more prevalent among users who attach great importance to privacy, users who are open towards new technologies, as well as younger users and users with a university degree. Higher importance of privacy and higher technology competency are linked to an increased desire to use data portability. Users reported the greatest need for data portability for data-storage (i.e., cloud) services. From the results, conclusions for implementing user-friendly data portability solutions and public information campaigns are drawn, and directions for further user-centered research on online service switching and data portability are discussed.
- KonferenzbeitragDemonstration of an Infrared Pen as an Input Device for Projected Augmented Reality Tabletops(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Maierhöfer, Vitus; Schmid, Andreas; Wimmer, RaphaelInteractive tabletops do not only offer a large surface for collaborative interaction. They also offer quick access to digital tools directly at the table - where a large number of everyday activities take place. Tabletops with an embedded display are generally less flexible and more fragile than ordinary massive tabletops. Physical objects on the tabletop occlude the digital content. In contrast, top-down-projected interfaces using an overhead projector-camera system allow for augmenting arbitrary tables and objects lying on them. However, detecting pointing input only via a camera image captured from above requires robustly recognizing whether a finger or pen touches the tabletop or whether it hovers slightly above it. In this demonstration, we showcase a solution for reliably tracking a pen on arbitrary tabletop surfaces. The pen emits infrared light via a tip made of optical fiber. A camera captures position and shape of the light point on the surface. Our open-source tracking algorithm combines heuristics and a neural network to distinguish between drawing and hovering. This system can be reliably used for drawing and writing on tabletops. However, occlusion by users’ hands can deteriorate tracking of the pen.
- KonferenzbeitragThe Effects of Auditory Latency on Experienced First-Person Shooter Players(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Halbhuber, David; Köhler, Annika; Schmidbauer, Markus; Wiese, Jannik; Henze, NielsLatency is inherently part of every interactive system and is particularly critical in video games. Previous work shows that visual latency above 25 ms reduces game experience and player performance. However, latency does not only affect visual perception but also may influence auditory elements of video games. It is unclear if auditory latency impairs the gaming experience and player performance with the same magnitude as visual latency. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with 24 participants playing a first-person shooter game. Participants played with four levels (0 ms, 40 ms, 270 ms, and 500 ms) of controlled auditory latency to reveal effects on game experience and player performance. Our analysis shows that auditory latency in video games increases the perceived tension, decreases positive feelings towards the game, and on its highest tested level (500 ms), even causes significantly stronger associations with negative feelings towards the game. Furthermore, we found that the negative effects of auditory latency are particularly pronounced for high-skilled players. We conclude that auditory latency negatively affects video games and their players. Therefore, researchers should investigate it with the same rigor as visual latency
- KonferenzbeitragPop-Up Probes(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Schulz, Annika Sabrina; Hornecker, EvaCultural probes are a popular approach for research settings where researchers cannot observe directly, instead letting participants work on tasks in their own time. The creation of attractive cultural probes can be a time-consuming process requiring a diverse skillset. We suggest the use of pop-up paper elements as a simple, cheap, and effective way to engage participants. We explain how to craft the material based on a case study with Pop-Up Probes used as warm-up exercise for a co-creation session to make participants reflect on their own relationship with objects in their home. Based on this case study we illustrate what information can be attained from the cultural probes and discuss opportunities to transfer the method to other contexts.
- KonferenzbeitragAnalyzing Eye Tracking Data in Mirror Exposure(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Döllinger, Nina; Göttfert, Christopher; Wolf, Erik; Mal, David; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, CarolinMirror exposure is an important method in the treatment of body image disturbances. Eye tracking can support the unaffected assessment of attention biases during mirror exposure. However, the analysis of eye tracking data in mirror exposure comes with various difficulties and is associated with a high manual workload during data processing. We present an automated data processing framework that enables us to determine any body part as an area of interest without placing markers on the bodies of participants. A short, formative user study proved the quality compared to the gold standard. The automatic processing and openness for different systems allow a broad range of applications.
- KonferenzbeitragUNeedS: Development of Scales to Measure the Satisfaction and Frustration of 13 Fundamental Needs(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Wolf, Sara; Maas, Franzisca; Künzl, Pauline; Hohm, Anna; Hurtienne, JörnGood user experience can be described as the result of satisfying fundamental human needs through interaction with technology. Therefore, HCI researchers and practitioners strive to promote need satisfaction and avoid need frustration through their technology and interaction designs. However, HCI lacks appropriate measurement instruments to examine and evaluate experiences with technology in terms of their satisfaction (or frustration) of needs. Instead, researchers and practitioners frequently use measurement instruments developed in (consumer) psychology that are not tailored to the needs of HCI. Here we report on the development of the User Needs Scales (UNeedS), a set of scales designed to measure the satisfaction and frustration of 13 fundamental needs identified for HCI, and report on our first experiences applying it. Preliminary data indicate good item qualities and internal consistencies, but further research must substantiate these claims. All scales and the full UNeedS are available in the supplemental materials.
- KonferenzbeitragTowards Human-Robotic Collaboration: Observing Teamwork of Experienced Surgeons in Robotic-Assisted Surgery(Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Cypko, Mario A.; Timmermann, Lea; Sauer, Igor M.; Müller-Birn, ClaudiaCurrent robotic systems in surgery are telemanipulators, but the future will likely be more automated. Past and current developments literally put the robotic system at the center of the action, and force the surgical team to adapt to it. In addition to important advantages of robotic surgery, empirical studies identify serious disadvantages in sensory perception and team communication, leading to decreased situational awareness among the surgeon and the team. We therefore raise two interrelated questions: Which actors of a surgical team should be part of a controlled, semi-automated robotic assistance and how should the collaborative interaction between the actors (including the robot) be designed. Previous research has examined the situation awareness in robotic-assisted surgeries with bedside assistant, being either residents or specifically trained registered nurse first assistants, with advantages of one over the other. We built on this work by observing for the first time robotic-assisted surgeries with highly experienced bedside assistants, senior surgeons. We found that a senior surgeon in this role excelled once again, for example, through lively medical discussions and independent problem solving, and was more likely to give us clues about a thoughtful development of semi-autonomous, collaborative surgical robots. These new insights will form the basis for subsequent interviews in which surgical teams will reflect on their expectations of the robotic agency. Our overarching goal is then to translate the results into new user interface designs for robotic surgery through repeated cycles of participatory design workshops and expert evaluations.