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- KonferenzbeitragThe E-Voting Readiness Index(Electronic Voting 2008 (EVOTE08). 3rd International Conference on Electronic Voting 2008, Co-organized by Council of Europe, Gesellschaft für Informatik and EVoting.CC, 2008) Krimmer, Robert; Schuster, RonaldThe goal of this study is to analyse and compare the environment for the introduction of E-Voting. To do so a contextual model is developed and then applied with the value benefit analysis to compare 31 countries including all EU member states, and Russia, Switzerland, United States and Venezuela.
- KonferenzbeitragLong-term Retention in E-Voting – Legal Requirements and Technical Implementation(Electronic Voting 2008 (EVOTE08). 3rd International Conference on Electronic Voting 2008, Co-organized by Council of Europe, Gesellschaft für Informatik and EVoting.CC, 2008) Gitter, Rotraud; Langer, Lucie; Okunick, Susanne; Opitz-Talidou, ZoiLegally binding elections require retention of specified election data such as balloting material. This applies to paper-based as well as electronic elections. However, in Germany, legal requirements on retention in e-voting have not been issued so far. Based on the German legal framework for governmental as well as non-governmental paper-based elections, we give recommendations on long-term retention in e-voting, applying our results to a state-of-the-art e-voting scheme. We also review technical measures to meet the security requirements of long-term retention in e-voting.
- KonferenzbeitragSecure Remote Voter Registration(Electronic Voting 2008 (EVOTE08). 3rd International Conference on Electronic Voting 2008, Co-organized by Council of Europe, Gesellschaft für Informatik and EVoting.CC, 2008) Morales-Rocha, Victor; Puiggalí, Jordi; Soriano, MiguelVoter registration is an important issue in election processes. In order to protect the election accuracy, it is necessary to have an accurate electoral roll of eligible voters. The electoral roll is usually constructed by means of a voter registration system that compiles voter data either in person or remotely. Current solutions for remote voter registration lack effective methods to prevent impersonation, multiple registrations and alterations on voter information. In this paper we propose a remote voter registration scheme that increases the accuracy of the current systems. In this scheme the voter identification is carried out by means of some biometric systems. Biometrics is also used to prevent impersonation, detect multiple registrations from the same person and protect from alterations of the registration information.
- KonferenzbeitragAssessing Internet Voting as an Early Voting Reform in the United States(Electronic Voting 2008 (EVOTE08). 3rd International Conference on Electronic Voting 2008, Co-organized by Council of Europe, Gesellschaft für Informatik and EVoting.CC, 2008) Kolar Prevost, AliciaRecent research on convenience voting reforms in the United States has found that programs designed to make voting easier have not succeeded in boosting turnout, and have even had the unintended consequence of exacerbating the demographic biases that already exist in the electorate by encouraging votes among those who were most likely to vote anyway but who were inconvenienced by going to the polls on election day. Using public voting records and a unique dataset of Internet voters in the 2004 Michigan Democratic Presidential primary, this paper offers new evidence that Internet voting benefits two groups of people: young voters and people who vote infrequently. Like previous research on voting reforms, I also find evidence that Internet voting does not draw new voters into the electorate. I discuss the implications of these findings for the future of early voting reforms in general and Internet voting in particular.
- KonferenzbeitragAssessing the Impact of E-Voting Technologies on Electoral Outcomes: an Analysis of Buenos Aires’ 2005 Congressional Election(Electronic Voting 2008 (EVOTE08). 3rd International Conference on Electronic Voting 2008, Co-organized by Council of Europe, Gesellschaft für Informatik and EVoting.CC, 2008) Katz, Gabriel; Alvarez, R. Michael; Calvo, Ernesto; Escolar, Marcelo; Pomares, JuliaUsing data from an e-voting experiment conducted in the 2005 Congressional Election in Argentina, we estimate the effect of different e-voting technologies on the likelihood that citizens cast their vote for different parties for the National Congress and the Legislature of Buenos Aires. Our results indicate that voters are extremely receptive to the information cues provided by the different voting technologies and associated ballot designs, and that particular voting devices have a significant impact on voter choice, systematically favouring some parties to the detriment of others. We conclude that the choice of alternative electronic voting devices might have considerable effect on electoral outcomes in multi-party electoral systems.
- KonferenzbeitragA Methodology for Assessing Procedural Security: A Case Study in E-Voting(Electronic Voting 2008 (EVOTE08). 3rd International Conference on Electronic Voting 2008, Co-organized by Council of Europe, Gesellschaft für Informatik and EVoting.CC, 2008) Weldemariam, Komminist; Villafiorita, AdolfoThis paper presents a methodology for procedural security analysis in order to analyze and eventually try to make elections more secure. Our approach is based on modelling the electoral procedures in the form of business process models (which we write in a strict simplified subset of UML), systematically translate the models into executable formal specifications, and analyze the specifications against security properties. We believe such an analysis to be essential to identifying the limits of the current procedures (i.e. undetected attacks) and to identify more precisely under what hypotheses we can guarantee secure elections. This paper presents the approach and demonstrates with an example taken from the e-Voting procedures enacted within the ProVotE project, current trial of the Italian legislation.
- KonferenzbeitragImproving the Transparency of Remote E-Voting: The Estonian Experience(Electronic Voting 2008 (EVOTE08). 3rd International Conference on Electronic Voting 2008, Co-organized by Council of Europe, Gesellschaft für Informatik and EVoting.CC, 2008) Maaten, Epp; Hall, ThadPilot projects in the area of remote e-voting have been carried out in several countries but the number of those projects in which the Internet-cast votes are legally binding remains small. Estonia, indeed, has been the first country to introduce Internet voting in which legitimate results were obtained at the national level. In local government elections in October 2005 and March 2007 parliamentary elections, Internet balloting was used without controversy. The number of I-voters was three times higher in 2007 compared to 2005. Elections need to enjoy broad public confidence to be a legitimate, meaningful democratic exercise. Remote e-voting has twice been offered as an additional channel to Estonian voters, and in both cases the system’s operation has been considered successful, both technically and politically. Technically, all systems and procedures functioned well and there were no security problems. Politically, the election results were legitimate and there were no proceedings initiated to challenge the Internet voting option. This paper gives an overview about tools for voters that reduce the negative effects of remote e-voting and improve confidence in the new voting system. A question will be proposed how the observation of remote Internet voting can be put in practice in order to resolve the transparency problems. After two Internet-enabled elections, international observers and researchers have made many recommendations regarding how to improve the transparency of the electoral administration. The paper discusses whether the recommendations focusing on testing, auditing and certification of the voting system are applicable in the light of Estonian experiences.
- Editiertes BuchThe Voting Processes in Digital Participative Budget: A Case Study(Electronic Voting 2008 (EVOTE08). 3rd International Conference on Electronic Voting 2008, Co-organized by Council of Europe, Gesellschaft für Informatik and EVoting.CC, 2008) Pereira de Souza, Gleison; Maciel, CristianoThe Participative Budget consists of a process in which citizens can directly participate in decision-making and regulation of public budget spending. The experience of the City of Belo Horizonte (Brazil) with the Participative Budget is a consolidated e-democratic process in the government and, most importantly, for the population. By exploring techniques provided by Information and Communication Technology, the Digital Participative Budget was introduced. Hence, a new question is posed: which methodology should be used for the computerization of this process and what would be the best suited interaction and communication resources for the e-democratic process? Such decisions will be discussed in this paper. This paper presents the experience of Belo Horizonte with the implementation of the Digital Participative Budget, from the very conception and implementation of the project up to the voting period as well as its current phase. Accordingly, this paper broaches the discussion of the conditions that led to the development of this project, the model adopted for the computerization of the process, the functionalities of the web system, and the data from the case studies developed in Belo Horizonte.
- KonferenzbeitragE-Voting in the Netherlands; from General Acceptance to General Doubt in Two Years(Electronic Voting 2008 (EVOTE08). 3rd International Conference on Electronic Voting 2008, Co-organized by Council of Europe, Gesellschaft für Informatik and EVoting.CC, 2008) Loeber, LeontineThis document is a case study of a country in which e-voting used to be the general norm: The Netherlands. It gives a detailed description of the events in the last two years surrounding e-voting in the Netherlands. During this time, the security and reliability of the voting machines that were used were questioned successfully by an action group. This led to court cases, the withdrawal of the certification of these machines and eventually to a complete stop of their use. In the current situation, The Netherlands reverted back to paper ballot voting at least until a whole new system is designed, approved of by Parliament, built and implemented. In this document the author tries to explain why this happened at this particular time. The paper concludes with some ideas on what other countries that are considering the introduction of e-voting might learn from the Dutch experience.