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- ZeitschriftenartikelAI Approaches to Cognitive Systems – The Example of Spatial Cognition(Informatik-Spektrum: Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011) Nebel, Bernhard; Freksa, ChristianCognitive abilities can be studied by observing and interpreting natural systems or by developing artificial systems that interact with their environments in intelligent ways. Cognitive systems research connects both approaches. Typically, human requirements are in the focus of interest and systems are developed to interact with humans in as natural a way as possible. To achieve this goal, a deep understanding of human cognition is required. The present paper focuses on spatial cognition, i. e. the ability to perceive and conceive spatial environments and solve spatial tasks intelligently. It discusses artificial intelligence approaches to spatial cognition for supporting human activities.
- ZeitschriftenartikelPlanning in the Real World(Informatik-Spektrum: Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011) Biundo, Susanne; Bidot, Julien; Schattenberg, BerndIn this article, we describe how real world planning problems can be solved by employing Artificial Intelligence planning techniques. We introduce the paradigm of hybrid planning, which is particularly suited for applications where plans are not intended to be automatically executed by systems, but are made for humans. Hybrid planning combines hierarchical planning – the stepwise refinement of complex tasks – with explicit reasoning about causal dependencies between actions, thereby reflecting exactly the kinds of reasoning humans perform when developing plans. We show how plans are generated and how failed plans are repaired in a way that guarantees stability. Our illustrating examples are taken from a domain model for disaster relief missions enforced upon extensive floods. Finally, we present a tool to support the challenging task of constructing planning domain models.The article ends with an overview of a wide varity of actual planning applications and outlines further such in the area of cognitive technical systems.
- ZeitschriftenartikelWhat’s new in Description Logics(Informatik-Spektrum: Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011) Baader, FranzMainstream research in Description Logics (DLs) until recently concentrated on increasing the expressive power of the employed description language while keeping standard inference problems like subsumption and instance manageable in the sense that highly optimized reasoning procedures for them behave well in practice. One of the main successes of this line of research was the adoption of OWL DL, which is based on an expressive DL, as the standard ontology language for the Semantic Web.More recently, there has been a growing interest in more light-weight DLs, and in other kinds of inference problems, mainly triggered by need in applications with large-scale ontologies. In this paper, we first review the DL research leading to the very expressive DLs with practical inference procedures underlying OWL, and then sketch the recent development of light-weight DLs and novel inference procedures.
- ZeitschriftenartikelProbabilistic State Estimation Techniques for Autonomous and Decision Support Systems(Informatik-Spektrum: Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011) Burgard, Wolfram; Fox, Dieter; Thrun, SebastianOne of the ultimate goals of the field of artificial intelligence and robotics is to develop systems that assist us in our everyday lives by autonomously carrying out a variety of different tasks. To achieve this and to generate appropriate actions, such systems need to be able to accurately interpret their sensory input and estimate their state or the state of the environment to be successful. In recent years, probabilistic approaches have emerged as a key technology for these problems. In this article, we will describe state-of-the-art solutions to challenging tasks from the area of mobile robotics, autonomous cars, and activity recognition, which are all based on the paradigm of probabilistic state estimation.
- ZeitschriftenartikelMy years with Rutishauser(Informatik-Spektrum: Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011) Bauer, Friedrich L.Vor über 40 Jahren starb am 10. November 1970 viel zu früh der Schweizer Informatik-Pionier Heinz Rutishauser, der an der ETH Zürich forschte und lehrte. F.L. Bauer erinnert sich an seinen Kollegen.
- ZeitschriftenartikelGI-Veranstaltungskalender(Informatik-Spektrum: Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011)
- ZeitschriftenartikelDynamische Analyse mit dem Software-EKG(Informatik-Spektrum: Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011) Weigend, Johannes; Siedersleben, Johannes; Adersberger, JosefDieses Papier zeigt, wie man komplexe, heterogene Systeme analysiert, wenn die einfachen Methoden (Debugger, Profiler) nicht ausreichen. Wir erläutern die Grundlagen, beschreiben ein Vorgehen mit den nötigen Tools und bringen einige Beispiele aus unserer Praxis. Wir behandeln ferner den präventiven Einsatz des Vorgehens im Entwicklungsprozess und definieren die Diagnostizierbarkeit (Diagnosibility) eines Softwaresystems als wichtige nichtfunktionale Eigenschaft.
- ZeitschriftenartikelKünstliche Intelligenz(Informatik-Spektrum: Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011) Furbach, Ulrich
- ZeitschriftenartikelMitteilungen der Schweizer Informatik Gesellschaft / 5_2011(Informatik-Spektrum: Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011)
- ZeitschriftenartikelDie Vorstandskolumne(Informatik-Spektrum: Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011)