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- ZeitschriftenartikelConceptual Development of Industrial Product-Service Systems - A model-based Approach(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal: Vol. 6, Nr. 2, 2011) Sadek, Tim; Köster, MatthiasThe increasing competitiveness of today’s globalised economies and changing customer requirements prompt manufacturers to provide integrated product and service solutions, referred to as Industrial Product-Service Systems (IPS²). An IPS² constitutes a customised solution, whereas providing performance is set above the purchase of a mere technical product. It can comprise any combination of product and service shares. Once such an offer is planned, the IPS² concept development phase generates principle solutions that meet customerspecific requirements. This article presents a model-based methodology to support an IPS² designer during the process of generating IPS² concepts in the early phase of IPS² development. This methodical framework and the modelling approach for conceptual IPS² development has been implemented as a computer-aided tool and has been evaluated by solving a typical IPS² issue.
- ZeitschriftenartikelEditorial(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal: Vol. 6, Nr. 3, 2011) Esswein, Werner
- ZeitschriftenartikelProlegomena of a modelling method in support of audit risk assessment - Outline of a domain-specific modelling language for internal controls and internal control systems(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal: Vol. 6, Nr. 3, 2011) Strecker, Stefan; Heise, David; Frank, UlrichInternal controls constitute a key concept in the auditing domain. In the audit risk assessment process, auditors evaluate a firm’s internal control system to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of the entity’s objectives. The present work reflects upon the design of a domain-specific modelling language for internal controls modelling. It investigates the potentials of an enterprise modelling approach to audit risk assessment, reconstructs technical terminology in the auditing domain, and discusses design decisions and design alternatives by means of tentative language specifications.
- ZeitschriftenartikelAutomatic Generation of Glossaries for Process Modelling Support(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal: Vol. 6, Nr. 1, 2011) Peters, Nicolas; Weidlich, MatthiasProcess models are often used for human to human communication. Besides other aspects, e.g., the chosen modelling notation or the model layout, the labelling has a strong influence on the understandability and, therefore, quality of a model. Consequently, labels should be reused and aligned across different process models. In order to support these goals, a glossary might be applied in the course of modelling. In this article, we argue that such a glossary can be generated automatically from the labels of an existing process model collection, e.g., a reference model. We introduce an approach for such a glossary generation that takes additional information on structural as well as control flow aspects into account. The applicability of our approach is illustrated by means of two case studies. Based thereon, we also report on findings regarding the appropriateness of the chosen structural and behavioural aspects.
- ZeitschriftenartikelA Conception of a Presentation Development and Management System Featuring ‘Smart Slides’(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal: Vol. 6, Nr. 1, 2011) Frank, UlrichThis paper presents a conception of a presentation development and management system (PDMS) and a related process model that guides its adequate use. It is inspired by the idea to replace certain graphical representations on presentation slides with diagrams that are constructed with domain-specific modelling languages (DSML) and corresponding model editors. The PDMS features an extensible set of graphical DSML that originate in a method for enterprise modelling. They provide the conceptual foundation for graphical representations that include domain-specific semantics. Specifying DSML and generating code for corresponding model editors is supported by an integrated metamodelling environment. Various DSML can be combined to create interactive, multi-language diagrams. The embedded semantics enables versatile machine analysis and allows for interactive slides. An accompanying compound architecture allows for integrating interactive diagrams with slides that contain traditional types of content such as text or drawings. Furthermore, it provides the conceptual foundation for storing presentations in a steadily growing common repository of organisational knowledge, thereby promoting reuse on various levels of abstraction.
- ZeitschriftenartikelReference Modelling in Health Care - State of the Art and Proposal for the Construction of a Reference Model(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal: Vol. 6, Nr. 3, 2011) Schlieter, Hannes; Esswein, WernerThe quality of medical services gains increasing importance in the consumer perception. Up to 2003, the outpatient physicians had sole responsibility for the implementation of a quality management system. To standardise the utilisation of such systems, the legislature decided on the mandatory implementation of a quality management system (QMS) by 2009. However, the introduction was slow due to very time consuming and costly processes. Knowledge about the own processes is an essential part of QMS. Process models are the common tool to document them, as well as being effective instruments to manage organisational structures. To make the design process of such models more effective, reference models are built to foster the reuse of common and best practice solutions in similar cases. This paper aims to apply the theoretical knowledge of reference modelling in the context of the ambulatory sector. It presents the empirically based construction of a reference model. Therefore structured interviews were carried out with physicians of various disciplines.
- ZeitschriftenartikelChecking the Semantic Correctness of Process Models - An Ontology-driven Approach Using Domain Knowledge and Rules(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal: Vol. 6, Nr. 3, 2011) Fellmann, Michael; Hogrebe, Frank; Thomas, Oliver; Nüttgens, MarkusThis paper presents an ontology-driven approach that aims at ensuring the semantic correctness of semiformal process models. Despite the widespread use of these models in research and practice, their semantic correctness is still a challenging issue. We suggest an ontology-driven approach making use of background knowledge encoded in formal ontologies and rules. In the first step, we develop a model for ontology-based representation of process models. In the second step, we use this model in conjunction with rules and machine reasoning for applying checks concerning the semantic correctness. We apply our approach using real-life administrative process models taken from a capital city.
- ZeitschriftenartikelRecognising Activity Labeling Styles in Business Process Models(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal: Vol. 6, Nr. 1, 2011) Leopold, Henrik; Smirnov, Sergey; Mendling, JanQuality assurance is a serious issue for large-scale process modelling initiatives. While formal control flow analysis has been extensively studied in prior research, there is little work on how the textual content of a process model and its activity labels can be systematically analysed. In this context, it is a major challenge to systematically identify and to consequently assure high label quality. As many large process model collections contain more than thousand models, each including several activity labels, there is a strong need for an automatic detection of labels that might be of bad quality. Recent research has shown that different grammatical styles correlate with potential ambiguity of a label. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for recognition of activity labeling styles. The developed algorithm exploits natural language processing techniques, e.g., part of speech tagging and analysis of the grammatical structure. We also study how ontologies, like WordNet, can support the solution. We conduct a thorough evaluation of the developed techniques utilising about 6,000 activity labels from the SAP Reference Model. The evaluation of this algorithm shows that spurious labels can be identified with a significant level of precision and recall. In this way, our approach can be used as a means of quality assurance for process repository management by listing bad quality labels, which a human modeler should correct.
- ZeitschriftenartikelService Modelling as a Basis for Simulation(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal: Vol. 6, Nr. 2, 2011) Kloos, Oliver; Nissen, Volker; Petsch, Mathias; Schorcht, HagenProcess models are often created without regard to their possible later use in simulations. If a process model generated in this way is to be simulated, additional information must be gathered, the model adapted and transferred into an appropriate simulation environment. This process is complex, weakly structured and errorprone. Using practical example data from an outpatient clinic, this work introduces an approach for model transformation with which service process models can be transferred into a simulation environment in a structured way and supported by the system. The transformation concept focuses on process models generated without taking into consideration the requirements of future simulation. The concept prepares the process models for simulation and supports the transfer of the models into the appropriate simulation environment.
- ZeitschriftenartikelDetecting Common Errors in Event-Driven Process Chains by Label Analysis(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal: Vol. 6, Nr. 1, 2011) Gruhn, Volker; Laue, RalfIn this article, we discuss several classes of error patterns that can frequently be found in Event-Driven Process Chains (EPC). Instances of these patterns can be detected by using a pattern-matching approach: The model is translated into a set of Prolog rules and potential modelling problems are located by querying the Prolog fact base for certain problem patterns. In particular, this article presents patterns for problems that can be detected by analysing the labels of events and functions in EPCs. To make reasoning about the contents of the labels possible, the labels are transformed into a normal form. By taking synonyms, antonyms and negating words (no, not) into account, we locate labels that contradict each other. This leads to the detection of some classes of errors like modelling of an event and its negation occurring at the same time. Our method has been applied to 1253 EPC models in German language. We have been able to detect a large number of errors in those models that remain undetected using traditional approaches for EPC validation.