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- KonferenzbeitragEnergy matters in buildings: Individual and collective issues(EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Denward, Marie; de Jong, Annelise; Olsen, RebekahThe number of Internet-enabled end-user devices such as personal computers, notebooks, tablets, smartphones, etc. is increasing constantly. However, since the devices themselves are becoming ever more energy-efficient, their overall energy consumption in the use phase of their life cycle seems to be increasing only marginally, or even decreasing in some areas. In contrast, the energy consumption induced in data centers by the use of end-user devices is rising. The present contribution presents the results of a Borderstep Institute study on the development of personal computers conducted within the framework of the research project AC4DC. Data was gathered on the number of workplace computer solutions in German businesses, the computers energy consumption, as well as the energy consumption in data centers they induced. In 2014, electricity consumption in data centers induced by end-user devices amounted to between 17 and 49 kWh per end-user device and year. The contribution compares the results of this study with the data from a 2010 survey and projects the global significance of the use of Internet-enabled end-user devices on the energy consumption of data centers.
- KonferenzbeitragToward Collaborative LCA Ontology Development: a Scenario-Based Recommender System for Environmental Data Qualification(EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Takhom , Akkharawoot; Ikeda, Mitsuru; Suntisrivaraporn, Boontawee; Supnithi, ThepchaiThis paper describes a collaborative approach to ontology development for data qualification for life cycle assessment by taking into consideration the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and Data Quality Indicator (DQI). The developed ontology is integrated with rule-based knowledge, to provide userdefined policies for LCI based on DQI. An ontology application management framework is developed to provide a collaborative environment for knowledge engineers and domain experts to define the knowledge explication and recommendation rules based on usage scenario. LCI data from agricultural domain is collected, and mapped to the knowledge base. To demonstrate the advantage of transformed rules, a scenario-based recommender system is built on top of the ontology, and carries out data quality measurement.
- KonferenzbeitragEnergy demand of workplace computer solutions - A comprehensive assessment including both end-user devices and the power consumption they induce in data centers(EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Hintemann, Ralph; Fichter, KlausThe number of Internet-enabled end-user devices such as personal computers, notebooks, tablets, smartphones, etc. is increasing constantly. However, since the devices themselves are becoming ever more energy-efficient, their overall energy consumption in the use phase of their life cycle seems to be increasing only marginally, or even decreasing in some areas. In contrast, the energy consumption induced in data centers by the use of end-user devices is rising. The present contribution presents the results of a Borderstep Institute study on the development of personal computers conducted within the framework of the research project AC4DC. Data was gathered on the number of workplace computer solutions in German businesses, the computers energy consumption, as well as the energy consumption in data centers they induced. In 2014, electricity consumption in data centers induced by end-user devices amounted to between 17 and 49 kWh per end-user device and year. The contribution compares the results of this study with the data from a 2010 survey and projects the global significance of the use of Internet-enabled end-user devices on the energy consumption of data centers.
- KonferenzbeitragThe Citizen Field Engineer: Crowdsourced Maintenance of Connected Water Infrastructure. Scenarios for smart and sustainable water futures in Nairobi, Kenya(EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) von Heland, Fanny; Nyberg, Marcus; Bondesson, Anna; Westerberg, PontusSustainable water supply is a profound problem in slums in Nairobi, Kenya. Smart water management that integrates information and communication technology (ICT) to monitor water resources, diagnose problems, improve efficiency and coordinate management can help to overcome supply challenges as well as strengthen public participation in governance. This study applies scenario planning methodology to analyze the potential of a novel smart water concept, Citizen Field Engineer, to address water challenges in Nairobis slums, for example problems with water pollution and intermittent supply. The concept combines multi-functional sensors to monitor water supply with an innovative ICT-based governance model where residents in the local community are employed as service engineers. Looking at how this concept would apply in Nairobis slums, the scenario analysis suggests that the concept could potentially help to improve water availability, affordability and quality, including gender equality as women bear the main responsibility for collecting water. The analysis also suggests that an implementation of the concept could have a positive impact on childrens school attendance as water related diseases are an important factor behind low educational attainment. The study concludes that smart water management that integrates ICT is an important step to address challenges around sustainable water supply.
- KonferenzbeitragMidpoint vs Single Score in Multi-Criteria Optimization under Life Cycle Assessment Constraints: the Case of Potable Water Treatment Chains(EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Capitanescu, Florin; Igos, Elorri; Marvuglia, Antonino; Benetto, EnricoThis paper addresses the multi-objective constrained optimization of a drinking water production plant. It reports the successful coupling between the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA2), which is a well-established multi-goal elitist metaheuristic global optimizer, and EVALEAU, which is a state-of-the-art process modelling life cycle assessment (LCA) tool for simulation of potable water treatment chains. The paper assesses as well the pros and cons of using midpoint versus single score as environmental goal metrics in a decision making process based on very challenging multi-goal optimization of potable water treatment chains. The proposed approach is illustrated using the model of a real-world drinking water production plant.
- KonferenzbeitragPerceptions and behaviour towards climate change and energy savings - The role of social media(EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) S. G. Piccolo, Lara; Alani, HarithSuccess in promoting changes in behaviour is often dependent on the choice of interventions. This research investigates the use of social technology features as interventions to raise energy awareness and to promote a collective behavior change towards saving energy. Aiming at understanding this scenario, an online survey was conducted to extract from Internet users their current position towards climate change, energy savings, and social media usage. Main results are reported in this paper indicating, for instance, that social media is not yet a main source of information in this context. Triggering discussions around the consumption of specific appliances, and associating it with energy-saving tips based on personal experiences were pointed out as promising approaches to support behavior change through social media.
- KonferenzbeitragPre-installation challenges: classifying barriers to the introduction of smart home technology(EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Carlos Rubino de Oliveira, Luis; May, Andrew; Mitchell, Val; Coleman, Mike; Kane, Tom; Firth, StevenIncreasing technological developments indicate potential for a variety of improvements in the domestic environment. As part of an interdisciplinary research project, this study interviewed households prior to the installation of smart home technologies (SHTs) in order to identify critical issues at the pre-installation phase. Semi-structured interviews took place in 16 houses before the installation of SHTs, when a range of smart sensors and controls were presented to households for the first time. At this stage, they started to make key decisions about which devices to use, where to install, and how to position them. Participants mentioned diverse issues surrounding the introduction of SHTs. To guide the qualitative analysis, an organizing framework for research on smart homes and their users was used. This paper indicates that, even though participants appreciate the functional aspects of SHTs and the possibilities of a better living, their concerns related to technology (hardware & software), design (acceptability & usability) and spaces (home as complex places) are numerous. These results complement the existing literature (which focuses more on the use phase) with the perceived enablers and barriers prior to the installation of SHTs.
- KonferenzbeitragLabelling Sustainable Software Products and Websites: Ideas, Approaches, and Challenges(EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Kern, Eva; Dick, Markus; Naumann, Stefan; Filler, AndreasThe awareness for software as an important player regarding the energy consumption caused by ICT steadily increased in the past years. The impact of software on the energy consumption is also more and more accepted by the research community under the umbrella of sustainability in general. Nevertheless, the end user is still only slightly or not addressed in the research activities regarding the whole energy consumption of software over its complete lifecycle. Also other stakeholders, e.g. administrators, designers, developers etc., are not in the focus of creating awareness for the aforementioned topics. In this contribution, we therefore focus on ideas, approaches, and challenges in developing a general-purpose labelling process for green and sustainable software products and websites. At first we provide a literature roundup, followed by the elaboration of requirements for the creation of a sustainability label for software products in general based on already existing and new approaches. On a first attempt, we furthermore concentrate on a labelling process for sustainable as well as green websites and sum up with a discussion followed by an outlook on our future work.
- KonferenzbeitragWork hubs - location considerations and opportunities for reduced travel(EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Conference Proceedings, 2015) Kramers, Anna; Höjer, Mattias; Nyberg, Marcus; Söderholm, MalinCities worldwide are suffering from congestion among public transport users and motorists. Mayors have set ambitious targets to reduce traffic and improve public transportation, while at the same time reducing energy use. This paper investigates the option of using flexible workplaces in local nodes within urban regions in order to transform transportation needs. The business characteristics of this type of flexible workplace and the driving forces and potential barriers in its establishment are examined in an interview study with existing hub owners. The results provide novel information on emerging technologies related to urban transportation solutions and highlight how ICT solutions can affect the accessibility and relevance of flexible workplaces and thereby support their energy reduction potential.
- KonferenzbeitragTransaction Analysis- A mechanism to detect and prevent VAT-fraud in the European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)(EnviroInfo & ICT4S, Adjunct Proceedings, 2015) Schütz, Thomas; Andre, Yves; Vukovic, MladenThe European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) has been shown vulnerable to VAT-fraud. Due to the introduction of the Reverse-Charge-Procedure in the majority of EU Member States (MS), VAT-fraud has reduced significantly. Nevertheless, remaining VAT-fraud patterns need to be detected in the transactions in order to support investigation bodies. On the basis of the Belgium software REMa the National administrators of Germany, France and United Kingdom have developed a method to detect VAT-fraud, called Transaction Analysis. This method is explained. Transaction Analysis has been validated against historical data.