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- ZeitschriftenartikelTowards Confirmatory Process Discovery: Making Assertions About the Underlying System(Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 61, No. 6, 2019) Janssenswillen, Gert; Depaire, BenoîtThe focus in the field of process mining, and process discovery in particular, has thus far been on exploring and describing event data by the means of models. Since the obtained models are often directly based on a sample of event data, the question whether they also apply to the real process typically remains unanswered. As the underlying process is unknown in real life, there is a need for unbiased estimators to assess the system-quality of a discovered model, and subsequently make assertions about the process. In this paper, an experiment is described and discussed to analyze whether existing fitness, precision and generalization metrics can be used as unbiased estimators of system fitness and system precision. The results show that important biases exist, which makes it currently nearly impossible to objectively measure the ability of a model to represent the system.
- ZeitschriftenartikelBlockchain Token Sale(Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 61, No. 6, 2019) Kranz, Johann; Nagel, Esther; Yoo, Youngjin
- ZeitschriftenartikelGenerating Artificial Data for Empirical Analysis of Control-flow Discovery Algorithms(Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 61, No. 6, 2019) Jouck, Toon; Depaire, BenoîtWithin the process mining domain, research on comparing control-flow (CF) discovery techniques has gained importance. A crucial building block of empirical analysis of CF discovery techniques is obtaining the appropriate evaluation data. Currently, there is no answer to the question of how to collect such evaluation data. The paper introduces a methodology for generating artificial event data (GED) and an implementation called the Process Tree and Log Generator. The GED methodology and its implementation provide users with full control over the characteristics of the generated event data and an integration within the ProM framework. Unlike existing approaches, there is no tradeoff between including long-term dependencies and soundness of the process. The contributions of the paper provide a solution for a necessary step in the empirical analysis of CF discovery algorithms.
- ZeitschriftenartikelClosing the Gap Between Experts and Novices Using Analytics-as-a-Service: An Experimental Study(Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 61, No. 6, 2019) Lismont, Jasmien; Van Calster, Tine; Óskarsdóttir, María; vanden Broucke, Seppe; Baesens, Bart; Lemahieu, Wilfried; Vanthienen, JanGenerating insights and value from data has become an important asset for organizations. At the same time, the need for experts in analytics is increasing and the number of analytics applications is growing. Recently, a new trend has emerged, i.e. analytics-as-a-service platforms, that makes it easier to apply analytics both for novice and expert users. In this study, the authors approach these new services by conducting a full-factorial experiment where both inexperienced and experienced users take on an analytics task with an analytics-as-a-service technology. The research proves that although experts in analytics still significantly outperform novices, these web-based platforms do offer an advantage to inexperienced users. Furthermore, the authors find that analytics-as-a-service does not offer the same benefits across different analytics tasks. That is, they observe better performance for supervised analytics tasks. Moreover, this study indicates that there are significant differences between novices. The most important distinction lies in the approach they take on the task. Novices who follow a more complex, although structured, workflow behave more similarly to experts and, thus, also perform better. The findings can aid managers in their hiring and training strategy with regards to both business users and data scientists. Moreover, it can guide managers in the development of an enterprise-wide analytics culture. Finally, the results can inform vendors about the design and development of these platforms.
- ZeitschriftenartikelHearing the Voice of Citizens in Smart City Design: The CitiVoice Framework(Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 61, No. 6, 2019) Simonofski, Anthony; Asensio, Estefanía Serral; Smedt, Johannes; Snoeck, MoniqueIn the last few years, smart cities have attracted considerable attention because they are considered a response to the complex challenges that modern cities face. However, smart cities often do not optimally reach their objectives if the citizens, the end-users, are not involved in their design. The aim of this paper is to provide a framework to structure and evaluate citizen participation in smart cities. By means of a literature review from different research areas, the relevant enablers of citizen participation are summarized and bundled in the proposed CitiVoice framework. Then, following the design science methodology, the content and the utility of CitiVoice are validated through the application to different smart cities and through in-depth interviews with key Belgian smart city stakeholders. CitiVoice is used as an evaluation tool for several Belgian smart cities allowing drawbacks and flaws in citizens' participation to be discovered and analyzed. It is also demonstrated how CitiVoice can act as a governance tool for the ongoing smart city design of Namur (Belgium) to help define the citizen participation strategy. Finally, it is used as a comparison and creativity tool to compare several cities and design new means of participation.
- ZeitschriftenartikelFraming Microgrid Design from a Business and Information Systems Engineering Perspective(Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 61, No. 6, 2019) Sachs, Thomas; Gründler, Anna; Rusic, Milos; Fridgen, GilbertMicrogrids are decentralized distribution networks that integrate distributed energy resources and balance energy generation and loads locally. The introduction of microgrids can help overcome the challenges of global energy systems. Despite this potential, the information systems domain has seen limited research on microgrids. This paper synthesizes research on elements of microgrids for electric energy. Interviewed experts maintain that technological microgrid solutions have been solidly developed; nevertheless, the lack of economic and business consideration is stalling their deployment. The authors argue that business and information systems engineering research can provide integrated perspectives that connect technology and markets. Consequently, the authors derive a framework from an extensive interdisciplinary literature review that structures the academic state of the art on microgrid design and could guide associated information systems research. The framework comprises four layers: energy technology and infrastructure, information and communication infrastructure, application systems, and governance. The authors evaluate the framework in interviews with 15 experts from industry and three from academia. Their feedback allows to iteratively refine the framework and point out research directions on microgrids in business and information systems engineering.
- ZeitschriftenartikelCall for Papers, Issue 3/2021(Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 61, No. 6, 2019) Staudt, Philipp; Lehnhoff, Sebastian; Watson, Richard
- ZeitschriftenartikelInterview with Joerg Mimmel on 'Digitalization of Purchasing at Bosch'(Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 61, No. 6, 2019) Maedche, Alexander
- ZeitschriftenartikelGuided Interaction Exploration and Performance Analysis in Artifact-Centric Process Models(Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 61, No. 6, 2019) Eck, Maikel L.; Sidorova, Natalia; Aalst, Wil M. P.Artifact-centric process models aim to describe complex processes as a collection of interacting artifacts. Recent development in process mining allow for the discovery of such models. However, the focus is often on the representation of the individual artifacts rather than their interactions. Based on event data, composite state machines representing artifact-centric processes can be discovered automatically. Moreover, the study provides ways of visualising and quantifying interactions among different artifacts. For example, strongly correlated behaviours in different artifacts can be highlighted. Interesting correlations can be subsequently analysed to identify potential causes of process performance issues. The study provides a strategy to explore the interactions and performance differences in this context. The approach has been fully implemented as a ProM plug-in; the CSM Miner provides an interactive artifact-centric process discovery tool focussing on interactions. The approach has been evaluated using real life data, to show that the guided exploration of artifact interactions can successfully identify process performance issues.
- ZeitschriftenartikelDoing a Doctorate in BISE in Germany, Austria and Switzerland? A Debate on the Why, What and How(Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 61, No. 6, 2019) Leimeister, Jan Marco; Becker, Jörg; Heinzl, Armin; Winter, Robert; Gefen, David