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- ZeitschriftenartikelA Taxonomy of Business Rule Organizing Approaches in Regard to Business Process Compliance(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 4, 2020) Corea, Carl; Delfmann, PatrickBusiness Process Compliance (BPC) bridges the disciplines of Business Process Management and Compliance Management, and is aimed to ensure that business processes are aligned with laws and regulations. In this context, business rules are used as a central means to represent regulatory policies and consequently to (automatedly) verify, whether business process models abide by respective rules. While there has been a plethora of works regarding this actual verification of process models relative to business rules, we see a strong lack of works regarding the actual creation and maintenance of business rules. More precisely, many works assume sound sets of business rules as a basis for subsequent techniques. However, recent works suggest this assumption cannot be made in practice, and companies actually need to be supported in the scope of managing and organizing business rules, e.g., to remove redundant or contradictory rules. Organizing business rules is a mandatory prerequisite to BPC, as errors in business rules make these rule bases unusable and impede a subsequent verification of process compliance. However, the literature on business rule organization is sparse - especially its relation to BPC. We therefore investigate how to harmonize company efforts in business rule organization and BPC by the means of a systematic literature review. The main contribution of this work is a guideline which supports companies to select appropriate rule organization approaches based on company BPC needs. Also, we identify research gaps and propose a corresponding research agenda based on our findings.
- Journal EditorialTowards Privacy Preservation and Data Protection in Information System Design(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 7, 2020) Koschmider, Agnes; Michael, Judith; Baracaldo, NathalieThis paper serves as an editorial to the corresponding special issue setting out solutions and future directions of privacy preservation and data protection in information system design.
- ZeitschriftenartikelSatisfying Four Requirements for More Flexible Modeling Methods: Theory and Test Case(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 3, 2020) Bork, Dominik; Alter, StevenRecent research in conceptual modeling and enterprise modeling calls for relaxing common assumptions about the nature of modeling methods and related modeling languages and metamodels. This paper pursues that goal by proposing a new vision of modeling methods that overcomes some of the limitations identified in the literature by satisfying four requirements for more flexible modeling methods. That vision builds upon the integration of multiple modeling techniques that are related to an overarching metaphor. Those techniques may address heterogeneous purposes such as specifying a system’s capabilities or specifying which resources are used by specific activities. This paper presents design characteristics and metamodel design options to guide method engineers in adopting this broader notion of modeling methods, integrating multiple modeling techniques, and using appropriate modeling languages. To demonstrate feasibility, an extended version of the work system method (WSM) is presented in the form of a Work System Modeling Method (WSMM) that encompasses seven purposes of modeling that call for successively more formal approaches. A final section summarizes how WSMM addresses the issues and requirements from the introduction, explains how coherence is maintained within WSMM, and identifies areas for future research, with emphasis on ways to make WSMM and similar modeling methods as valuable as possible.
- ZeitschriftenartikelA Deep Perspective on the ArchiMate Modeling Language and Standard(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 2, 2020) Atkinson, Colin; Kühne, ThomasGiven the scale, complexity and variety of enterprise architectures, approaches for modeling them need to be as simple and flexible as possible in order to minimize the accidental complexity within enterprise architecture models. Multi-level modeling techniques offer an effective way of achieving this but to date there has been little research into how they could contribute to enterprise architecture modeling. In this article we therefore explore how the former could be best leveraged within the latter by considering the modeling goals, architecture and principles of one of the most concrete and widely used enterprise architecture modeling standards: ArchiMate. More specifically, we discuss how the conceptual integrity of the ArchiMate standard and modeling experience could be enhanced using multi-level modeling principles. In our discussions, we focus on a specific variant of multi-level modeling, called deep modeling, which is based on the notions of orthogonal classification and deep instantiation.
- ZeitschriftenartikelCatchword: Blockchains and Enterprise Modeling(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 16, 2020) Fill, Hans-Georg; Fettke, Peter; Rinderle-Ma, StefanieIn this catchword article we describe the current technological opportunities that are available through blockchain technologies and outline how the field of enterprise modeling can contribute to these developments as well as benefit itself from them. For this purpose, we discuss the technical foundations of blockchains and derive a framework for relating both sides. Finally, it is reported about recent approaches that already engage in these opportunities.
- ZeitschriftenartikelBalancing Care and Paperwork(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 11, 2020) Stertz, Florian; Mangler, Juergen; Rinderle-Ma, StefanieEffort and quality of care documentation are among the most pressing challenges in the nursing domain due to demographic development and compliance demands. Hence approaches for decreasing the effort of documentation while increasing its quality are required. This work introduces the idea of automatic task completion and documentation which is achieved through a process-aware solution where physical objects utilized during care tasks are equipped with NFC tags. Nine use cases from the care domain are identified with domain experts and implemented through a proof-of-concept prototype. The time reduction of employing this technology is assessed by domain experts within the typical routines in a nursing home. The interviews indicate an average decrease in documentation time per shift of more than 60%. Inherently also documentation quality is increased as automatic documentation prevents forgetting to document certain steps or other errors. On top, this work fosters two ways for comprehensive documentation, i.e., log-based documentation for analysis and monitoring tasks and paper-based documentation as typically expected by nurses. The logs are automatically created and stored by the underlying process engine. It is shown how paper-based documentation can be automatically created based on process logs. Overall, this work provides the basis for automatic, comprehensive, and continuous documentation of care tasks based on NFC technology.
- ZeitschriftenartikelInformatics as a Science(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 6, 2020) Reisig, WolfgangThis contribution addresses the quest for a framework for a comprehensive science of informatics as a formal theory of discrete dynamic systems, in analogy to the model of natural sciences. A variety of examples show that this endeavor is promising indeed, and that (detached) parts of it exist already. In the long run, informatics may evolve as a self-contained science, more comprehensive than nowadays Computer Science, by complementing its strong technological aspects with a consistent theoretical, mathematical basis, on an equal footing with natural sciences.
- ZeitschriftenartikelDecentralized Business Process Control using Blockchain(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 15, 2020) Guerreiro, Sérgio Luís; Silva, Diogo; Rosado, Tiago; Vasconcelos, André; Correia, Miguel; Sousa, PedroMany applications supported by blockchain technology are emerging in the industry. Blockchain can be used to enforce the correctness of business process execution and, consequently, increasing the trust among the stakeholders involved in complex business processes. Since few experiences in the area have been reported, more are needed to better understand the benefits and pitfalls of blockchain-based solutions for decentralized business process control. This paper is an experience report of two projects that enforce decentralized business process control using blockchain - a food supply chain and a car registration - using a Design Science Research Methodology approach. Each application follows a different business process design - DEMO and BPMN - leading to different implementations based on Hyperledger Fabric. The major lessons learned are related to the appropriateness of DEMO and BPMN as business process modelling languages in the context of blockchain applications.
- ZeitschriftenartikelMachine Learning and Complex Event Processing(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 1, 2020) Wanner, Jonas; Wissuchek, Christopher; Janiesch, ChristianIn the Industrial Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems bridge the gap between the physical and digital world by connecting advanced manufacturing systems with digital services in so-called smart factories. This interplay generates a large amount of data. By analyzing the data, manufacturers can reap many benefits and optimize their operations. Here, the value of information is at its highest with low latency to its emergence and its value decreases over time. Complex Event Processing (CEP) is a technology, which enables real-time analysis of complex events (i.e., combined data values from different sources). In this way, CEP assists in the identification and localization of anomalous process sequences in smart factories. However, CEP comes with limitations that reduce its effectiveness. Setting up CEP requires in-depth domain knowledge and is primarily declarative as well as reactive by nature. Combining CEP with machine learning (ML) is a possible extension to circumvent these technological limitations. However, there is no up-to-date overview on the integration of both paradigms in research and no review of their transferability for application in smart factories. In this article, we provide (1) a synthesis of research on the integration of CEP and ML identifying supervised learning as the predominant approach, and (2) a transfer of potentials for the use in smart factories. Here, reactive and proactive policies are used in equal frequency.
- ZeitschriftenartikelThe MobIS-Challenge 2019(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 5, 2020) Baier, Stephan; Dunzer, Sebastian; Fettke,; Houy, Constantin; Matzner, Martin; Pfeiffer, Peter; Rehse, Jana-Rebecca; Scheid, Martin; Stephan, Sebastian; Stierle, Matthias; Willems, BrianInformation systems (IS) can significantly support the organization of business processes. However, the proceeding digitalization of processes can also lead to an increasing organizational complexity and the need to more intensely investigate the adherence to external or internal compliance rules. Process-related data from IS and underlying process models can, however, also contribute to an effective compliance checking. This paper summarizes the motivation, the setup, the data set and the results of the 2019 MobIS-Challenge which was conducted as a workshop at WI 2019 in Siegen, Germany. Results submitted to the challenge are presented in detail and directions for future work are discussed.