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- ZeitschriftenartikelBalancing Care and Paperwork(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 11, 2020) Stertz, Florian; Mangler, Juergen; Rinderle-Ma, StefanieEffort and quality of care documentation are among the most pressing challenges in the nursing domain due to demographic development and compliance demands. Hence approaches for decreasing the effort of documentation while increasing its quality are required. This work introduces the idea of automatic task completion and documentation which is achieved through a process-aware solution where physical objects utilized during care tasks are equipped with NFC tags. Nine use cases from the care domain are identified with domain experts and implemented through a proof-of-concept prototype. The time reduction of employing this technology is assessed by domain experts within the typical routines in a nursing home. The interviews indicate an average decrease in documentation time per shift of more than 60%. Inherently also documentation quality is increased as automatic documentation prevents forgetting to document certain steps or other errors. On top, this work fosters two ways for comprehensive documentation, i.e., log-based documentation for analysis and monitoring tasks and paper-based documentation as typically expected by nurses. The logs are automatically created and stored by the underlying process engine. It is shown how paper-based documentation can be automatically created based on process logs. Overall, this work provides the basis for automatic, comprehensive, and continuous documentation of care tasks based on NFC technology.
- Journal EditorialBlockchain Technologies in Enterprise Modeling and Enterprise Information Systems(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 12, 2020) Fill, Hans-Georg; Fettke, Peter; Rinderle-Ma, StefanieThis paper serves as an editorial to the corresponding special issue on Blockchain Technologies in Enterprise Modeling and Enterprise Information Systems.
- ZeitschriftenartikelCatchword: Blockchains and Enterprise Modeling(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 16, 2020) Fill, Hans-Georg; Fettke, Peter; Rinderle-Ma, StefanieIn this catchword article we describe the current technological opportunities that are available through blockchain technologies and outline how the field of enterprise modeling can contribute to these developments as well as benefit itself from them. For this purpose, we discuss the technical foundations of blockchains and derive a framework for relating both sides. Finally, it is reported about recent approaches that already engage in these opportunities.
- ZeitschriftenartikelDecentralized Business Process Control using Blockchain(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 15, 2020) Guerreiro, Sérgio Luís; Silva, Diogo; Rosado, Tiago; Vasconcelos, André; Correia, Miguel; Sousa, PedroMany applications supported by blockchain technology are emerging in the industry. Blockchain can be used to enforce the correctness of business process execution and, consequently, increasing the trust among the stakeholders involved in complex business processes. Since few experiences in the area have been reported, more are needed to better understand the benefits and pitfalls of blockchain-based solutions for decentralized business process control. This paper is an experience report of two projects that enforce decentralized business process control using blockchain - a food supply chain and a car registration - using a Design Science Research Methodology approach. Each application follows a different business process design - DEMO and BPMN - leading to different implementations based on Hyperledger Fabric. The major lessons learned are related to the appropriateness of DEMO and BPMN as business process modelling languages in the context of blockchain applications.
- ZeitschriftenartikelA Deep Perspective on the ArchiMate Modeling Language and Standard(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 2, 2020) Atkinson, Colin; Kühne, ThomasGiven the scale, complexity and variety of enterprise architectures, approaches for modeling them need to be as simple and flexible as possible in order to minimize the accidental complexity within enterprise architecture models. Multi-level modeling techniques offer an effective way of achieving this but to date there has been little research into how they could contribute to enterprise architecture modeling. In this article we therefore explore how the former could be best leveraged within the latter by considering the modeling goals, architecture and principles of one of the most concrete and widely used enterprise architecture modeling standards: ArchiMate. More specifically, we discuss how the conceptual integrity of the ArchiMate standard and modeling experience could be enhanced using multi-level modeling principles. In our discussions, we focus on a specific variant of multi-level modeling, called deep modeling, which is based on the notions of orthogonal classification and deep instantiation.
- ZeitschriftenartikelDPMF: A Modeling Framework for Data Protection by Design(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 10, 2020) Sion, Laurens; Dewitte, Pierre; Van Landuyt, Dimitri; Wuyts, Kim; Valcke, Peggy; Joosen, WouterBuilding software-intensive systems that respect the fundamental rights to privacy and data protection requires explicitly addressing data protection issues at the early development stages. Data Protection by Design (DPbD)—as coined by Article 25(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—therefore calls for an iterative approach based on (i) the notion of risk to data subjects, (ii) a close collaboration between the involved stakeholders and (iii) accountable decision-making. In practice, however, the legal reasoning behind DPbD is often conducted on the basis of informal system descriptions that lack systematicity and reproducibility. This affects the quality of Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIA)—i.e. the concrete manifestation of DPbD at the organizational level. This is a major stumbling block when it comes to conducting a comprehensive and durable assessment of the risks that takes both the legal and technical complexities into account. In this article, we present DPMF, a data protection modeling framework that allows for a comprehensive and accurate description of the data processing operations in terms of the key concepts used in the GDPR. The proposed modeling approach supports the automation of a number of legal reasonings and compliance assessments (e.g., purpose compatibility) that are commonly addressed in a DPIA exercise and this support is strongly rooted upon the system description models. The DPMF is supported in a prototype modeling tool and its practical applicability is validated in the context of a realistic e-health system for a number of complementary development scenarios.
- ZeitschriftenartikelInformatics as a Science(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 6, 2020) Reisig, WolfgangThis contribution addresses the quest for a framework for a comprehensive science of informatics as a formal theory of discrete dynamic systems, in analogy to the model of natural sciences. A variety of examples show that this endeavor is promising indeed, and that (detached) parts of it exist already. In the long run, informatics may evolve as a self-contained science, more comprehensive than nowadays Computer Science, by complementing its strong technological aspects with a consistent theoretical, mathematical basis, on an equal footing with natural sciences.
- ZeitschriftenartikelMachine Learning and Complex Event Processing(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 1, 2020) Wanner, Jonas; Wissuchek, Christopher; Janiesch, ChristianIn the Industrial Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems bridge the gap between the physical and digital world by connecting advanced manufacturing systems with digital services in so-called smart factories. This interplay generates a large amount of data. By analyzing the data, manufacturers can reap many benefits and optimize their operations. Here, the value of information is at its highest with low latency to its emergence and its value decreases over time. Complex Event Processing (CEP) is a technology, which enables real-time analysis of complex events (i.e., combined data values from different sources). In this way, CEP assists in the identification and localization of anomalous process sequences in smart factories. However, CEP comes with limitations that reduce its effectiveness. Setting up CEP requires in-depth domain knowledge and is primarily declarative as well as reactive by nature. Combining CEP with machine learning (ML) is a possible extension to circumvent these technological limitations. However, there is no up-to-date overview on the integration of both paradigms in research and no review of their transferability for application in smart factories. In this article, we provide (1) a synthesis of research on the integration of CEP and ML identifying supervised learning as the predominant approach, and (2) a transfer of potentials for the use in smart factories. Here, reactive and proactive policies are used in equal frequency.
- ZeitschriftenartikelThe MobIS-Challenge 2019(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 5, 2020) Baier, Stephan; Dunzer, Sebastian; Fettke,; Houy, Constantin; Matzner, Martin; Pfeiffer, Peter; Rehse, Jana-Rebecca; Scheid, Martin; Stephan, Sebastian; Stierle, Matthias; Willems, BrianInformation systems (IS) can significantly support the organization of business processes. However, the proceeding digitalization of processes can also lead to an increasing organizational complexity and the need to more intensely investigate the adherence to external or internal compliance rules. Process-related data from IS and underlying process models can, however, also contribute to an effective compliance checking. This paper summarizes the motivation, the setup, the data set and the results of the 2019 MobIS-Challenge which was conducted as a workshop at WI 2019 in Siegen, Germany. Results submitted to the challenge are presented in detail and directions for future work are discussed.
- ZeitschriftenartikelPersonal data management inside and out(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 15, Nr. 9, 2020) Labadie, Clément; Legner, ChristinePersonal data is increasingly positioned as a valuable asset. While individuals generate and expose ever-expanding volumes of personal information online, certain tech companies have built their business models on the personal data they gather. In this context, lawmakers are revising data protection regulations in order to provide individuals with enhanced rights and set new rules regarding the way corporations collect, manage, and share personal information. We argue that recent data protection regulatory frameworks such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) are fundamentally about data management. Yet, there have been no attempts to analyze the regulations in terms of their implications on the data life cycle. In this paper, we systematically analyze the GDPR and the CCPA, and identify their implications on the data life cycle. To synthesize our findings, we propose a semi-formal notation of the resulting changes on the personal data life cycle, in the form of a process and data model governed by business rules, consolidated in a reference personal data life cycle model for data protection. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents one of the first attempts to provide a data-centric view on data protection regulatory requirements.