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- ZeitschriftenartikelAn Approach to Flexible Multilevel Modelling(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 13, Nr. 10, 2018) Macías, Fernando; Rutle, Adrian; Stolz, Volker; Rodriguez-Echeverria, Roberto; Wolter, UweMultilevel modelling approaches tackle issues related to lack of flexibility and mixed levels of abstraction by providing features like deep modelling and linguistic extension. However, the lack of a clear consensus on fundamental concepts of the paradigm has in turn led to lack of common focus in current multilevel modelling tools and their adoption. In this paper, we propose a formal framework, together with its corresponding tools, to tackle these challenges. The approach facilitates definition of flexible multilevel modelling hierarchies by allowing addition and deletion of intermediate abstraction levels in the hierarchies. Moreover, it facilitates separation of concerns by allowing integration of different multilevel modelling hierarchies as different aspects of the system to be modelled. In addition, our approach facilitates reusability of concepts and their behaviour by allowing definition of flexible transformation rules which are applicable to different hierarchies with a variable number of levels. As a proof of concept, a prototype tool and a domain-specific language for the definition of these rules is provided.
- ZeitschriftenartikelCapability-based Communication Analysis for Enterprise Modelling(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 13, Nr. 4, 2018) Pastor, Oscar; Ruiz, Marcela; Koç, Hasan; Valverde, FranciscoCapability-oriented enterprise modelling can provide effective solutions to face changing business context. In the business domain, the notion of capability has gained a lot of attention since it guides the activities of service specification and design. Simultaneously, the research community has been promoting the integration of model-driven development (MDD) approaches with enterprise modelling to support the link between enterprise and software specifications. This integration has becoming vital to ensure the traceability of enterprise models and software implementations, acceleration of software time to market, quality assurance, and enterprise model evolution support. The capability-driven development (CDD) method has been recently developed and applied in various industrial use cases. But, the link between the CDD method and strong funded MDD approaches has not been explored. In this paper we explore the integration of the CDD method with the Communication Analysis method (a communication-oriented business process modelling method), which is supported by means of MDD frameworks. Among the advantages to add the communicational perspective to the CDD method, we want to highlight the possibility to offer a high level analysis of business process models that focus on the communications between different organisational actors, as so as to offer further transformation facilities into software components. With this integration, we give the first steps to offer automation facilities to capability-driven environments.
- ZeitschriftenartikelA Classification Framework for Service Modularization Methods(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 13, Nr. 14, 2018) Pöppelbuß, Jens; Lubarski, AleksanderService modularity has been suggested as a promising concept that can resolve the dilemma between increasing diversification of customer demands and the provider’s need for standardization and efficiency gains. Despite having been in the center of attention amongst service researchers for the past decade, service modularity still remains a rather theoretical concept with little application in practice. Previous publications have contributed conceptual and enterprise modeling methods to achieve modular service architectures by both adjusting product modularization methods to the service domain as well as designing new ones specifically for services. However, up to date, there exists no framework that would systematize and classify these methods concerning their premises as well as underlying modularity principles and objectives. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a framework that can be used to classify existing and future methods for service modularization based on two key dimensions, i. e., the phases of the modularization process and the types of structuring the modular architecture. The developed framework further points out which phases of the overall modularization process are still underdeveloped and how future research can contribute to making service modularity more accessible for practitioners.
- ZeitschriftenartikelA Domain-specific Modeling Technique for Value-driven Strategic Sourcing(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 13, Nr. 8, 2018) Rafati, Laleh; Roelens, Ben; Poels, GeertStrategic sourcing recognizes that procurement should support a firm’s effort to achieve its long-term objectives. In particular, procurement needs to be a cross-functional end-to-end process inside the organization that is oriented towards value creation within the company and between the company and its partners in the value chain. The main challenge to the implementation of value-driven strategic sourcing is the lack of instruments that are characterized by analytical rigor and robustness in the identification of strategic sourcing options to achieve strategic goals. Therefore, this research aims to develop a domain-specific modeling technique founded on the Service-Dominant Logic which focuses on the systemic exploration of sourcing alternatives and emphasizes the delivery of value to achieve desired outcomes. This paper reports on a first cycle of Design Science Research which includes the demonstration and the evaluation of the value and utility of the modeling artefacts by means of a case study about IT outsourcing in the healthcare industry.
- ZeitschriftenartikelEnterprise Modeling in Support of SOA Migration Analysis(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 13, Nr. 1, 2018) de Kinderen, Sybren; Kaczmarek-Heß, MonikaThis paper shows how enterprise modeling can support a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) migration analysis in terms of (1) IT infrastructure understanding, (2) identifying and refining candidate services by means of analyzing both the current IT infrastructure capabilities and business concerns, as well as (3) understanding how candidate services build on the current IT infrastructure. Based on requirements derived from a conducted literature study on SOA analysis and SOA migration projects, we identify the Multi-Perspective Enterprise Modeling (MEMO) method as a suitable language family to support a SOA migration analysis. Furthermore, we extend MEMO's language for IT infrastructure modeling, called ITML, with concepts central to SOA migration, and show how the modeling language can support key phases of a SOA migration project. We also provide a threefold evaluation of our SOA migration modeling approach by means of (1) application to documented SOA migration projects, (2) a scenario-based comparison with ArchiMate, another language that is a promising candidate for a SOA migration analysis, and (3) an assessment against the identified requirements. Finally, we discuss corresponding software tool support.
- Journal EditorialIntroduction to the Special Issue on Model-Driven Organisations(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 13, Nr. 3, 2018) Clark, TonyModern organisations are faced with the very challenging problem of rapidly responding to continual external business pressures in order to sustain their competitiveness or to effectively perform mission-critical services. Difficulties arise because the continual evolution of systems and operational procedures that are performed in response to external pressures eventually lead to suboptimal configurations of systems and processes that drive the organisation.
- Journal EditorialIntroduction to the Special Issue on Smart Service Engineering(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 13, Nr. 13, 2018) Thomas, Oliver; Nüttgens, Markus; Fellmann, MichaelAt present, the importance of services is increasing significantly in times of modernization and digitization of production systems. While the challenges of “Industry 4.0”, the “Industrial Inter- net of Things”, cyber-physical systems and smart factories are progressively being discussed at the product level, the question of how far services can be developed on the basis of a broad information base can also be specifically raised at the service level. The resulting approaches are also subsumed under the term “Smart Services”, with “Smart” usually being used for context-sensitive services tailored to the needs of the customer. The emerging field in service research is characterized in particular by the fact that IT is no longer under- stood as a pure “transformer” of digital services, but much more as an “enabler” of completely new approaches. In order to explore these approaches, it is important to examine to what extent today’s services and existing methods of service engineering for tomorrow’s smart services can be revolutionized. Service modeling can clarify interfaces between innovative technologies and new, individual business models and thus provide a valuable basis for discussion.
- ZeitschriftenartikelManaging the Procurement Process in Service Portals – An Automated Matching Approach with Demand-Side Management Methods(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 13, Nr. 15, 2018) Behrens, Dennis; Gerwig, Carola; Schoormann, Thorsten; Knackstedt, RalfBecause of technological changes (e. g., Web 2.0 and the Internet of Things), service portals like MyHammer, Blauarbeit, and Amazon Home Services become increasingly important for research and practice. To increase the efficiency of service offers, new procurement methods that link service providers and service consumers are necessary. This article uses a scheduling approach that has been applied primary in the context of energy management: Demand-Side Management (DSM). Generally, DSM methods can be used to shift energy demand to favorable timeslots (e. g., lower-cost timeslots or those that help the energy supplier) to achieve goals like a flattened load profile, minimized costs, and grid reliability. In doing so, we argue that the basic concept of DSM is transferable to enable automatic matching of service offers and demands in a service portal. To explore potential benefits and drawbacks, we analyze service portals, including their functionalities and information needs, and compare them with the approaches offered by DSM. Then a mathematical model of an existing DSM approach is used to model the requirements of service portals. As a result, we conclude that DSM strategies can be useful in automating the procurement procedure in service portals, which facilitates more efficient and effective service offers and executions.
- ZeitschriftenartikelModelling of a Smart Service for Consumables Replenishment – A Life Cycle Perspective(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 13, Nr. 17, 2018) Anke, Jürgen; Wellsandt, Stefan; Thoben, Klaus-DieterSmart services are an approach for the IT-supported provision of services based on networked products. They enable new relationships between manufacturers and end users, as well as the establishment of new value-creation networks. To gain benefits from these potentials, service providers face the challenges of designing and managing smart services. This is mainly due to the complexity of the underlying cyber-physical system (CPS) as well as the individual life cycles of components and third-party services it consists of. Additionally, a number of actors and their tasks, various tangible and intangible benefits, as well as flows of material, information and money need to be considered during the planning and provisioning of the service. In this paper, we investigate the potential of modelling smart services with the Lifecycle Modeling Language (LML). To this end, we analyse the fulfillment of information need of different stakeholders based on a consumable material replenishment service for 3D printers.
- ZeitschriftenartikelThe Next Generation – Design and Implementation of a Smart Glasses-based Modelling System(Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISAJ) – International Journal of Conceptual Modeling: Vol. 13, Nr. 18, 2018) Metzger, Dirk; Niemöller, Christina; Jannaber, Sven; Berkemeier, Lisa; Brenning, Lukas; Thomas, OliverTechnical services in innovative business models are becoming increasingly complex. Thus, comprehensive IT-support is crucial for service delivery. Content for those IT-support systems is captured by modelling relevant service processes. Aside the intangibility and integrativity, services are characterized by the complexity of their structure. So, the traditional modelling approaches executed by modelling experts are challenging. To overcome those challenges, we developed a concept to model service processes at the point-of-service while executing the service itself. The process executer (e. g. the technician) is empowered by smart glasses that do not limit his scope of actions. Additionally, the glasses guide through the (runtime) modelling and allow easy capturing of service processes during the execution. We followed a design science-oriented approach. First, we identified relevant process blocks from literature for runtime modelling (analysis). Afterwards, we built related software components for the process blocks (design). We do so by proposing an implementation and an architecture for a smart glasses-based modelling system. Finally, we evaluated the concept by prototyping and demonstrating the system by means of a real-world service process (evaluation). Our approach tackles challenges on how new technology can enhance the modelling at the point-of-service, which process blocks are relevant and how domain experts can be integrated into the modelling process itself. The practical implications are towards new chances of capturing processes.