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- KonferenzbeitragAbsicherung eines radarsensors im systemverbund mit der hardware-in-the-loop testtechnologie(Automotive - Safety & Security 2014, 2015) Weiskopf, Marco; Wohlfahrt, Christoph; Schmidt, AlbrechtAufgrund der steigenden Komplexität, Anzahl und Vernetzung der Fahrerassistenzsysteme wächst die Notwendigkeit einer ausreichenden Absicherung in Bezug auf Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit. Dabei kommt die Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) Testtechnologie zum Einsatz, die automatisierte Tests in Echtzeit mit der realen Steuergeräte-Hardware ermöglicht. Bei der Durchführung von Systemtests für Fahrerassistenzsysteme am HiL-Prüfstand wird es immer wichtiger alle Komponenten wie z.B. Radarsensoren zu integrieren um eine möglichst realitätsnahe Testaussage zu bekommen. Viele Steuergeräte erfassen die Umgebung und benötigen ein gemeinsames Fahrzeugumfeld. Hierfür wird eine realistische 3D-Animation (Virtuelle Welt) verwendet. Dieser Beitrag zeigt zum einen, wie aus der virtuellen Welt relevante Daten für den Radarsensor gewonnen werden können. Dabei spielen Materialeigenschaften, Berechnung von Reflexionen, realitätsnahe Generierung, Interpolation von Detektionen und Echtzeitfähigkeit eine bedeutende Rolle. Zum anderen beschreibt dieser Beitrag eine echtzeitfähige Lösung zur Einspeisung der relevanten Daten in den Radarsensor.
- ZeitschriftenartikelAdapting Organic Computing Architectures to an Automotive Environment to Increase Safety & Security(Automotive - Safety & Security 2017 - Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit für automobile Informationstechnik, 2017) Lamshöft, Kevin; Altschaffel, Robert; Dittmann, JanaModern cars are very complex systems operating in a diverse environment. Today they incorporate an internal network connecting an array of actuators and sensors to ECUs (Electronic Control Units) which implement basic functions and advanced driver assistance systems. Opening these networks to outside communication channels (like Car-to-X-communication) new possibilities but also new attack vectors arise. Recent work has shown that it is possible for an attacker to infiltrate the ECU network insides a vehicle using these external communication channels. Any attack on the security of a vehicle comes implies an impact on the safety of road traffic. This paper discusses the possibilities of using architectures suggested by Organic Computing to reduce these arising security risks and therefore improve safety. A proposed architecture is implemented in a demonstrator and evaluated using different attack scenarios.
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- KonferenzbeitragAutomotive safety and security from a supplier's perspective(Automotive - Safety & Security 2012, 2012) Klauda, MatthiasSichere (im Sinne von „safe“) Systeme im Automobil zu entwickeln und zu produzieren, ist seit Jahrzehnten etablierter Stand der Technik. In jüngster Vergangenheit wurde zur Umsetzung eines konsolidierten Ansatzes zur funktionalen Sicherheit in Straßenfahrzeugen eine neue Norm - die ISO 26262 - erarbeitet. Diese Norm trägt insbesondere den wachsenden Herausforderungen immer komplexerer Systeme und neuer Technologien Rechnung. Allerdings sind Teile der ISO26262 bewusst offen oder visionär formuliert, so dass für eine sinnvolle Um- setzung in vielen Fällen eine einheitliche Interpretation innerhalb der Automobilindustrie unabdingbar ist. Mit steigender Vernetzung der Fahrzeuge sowohl fahrzeugintern als auch mit der Umgebung (Car-2-X-Kommunikation) bietet das Automobil immer mehr An- griffspunkte für externe Attacken, so dass das Thema Automotive Security wachsende Bedeutung gewinnt. Einerseits gibt es sowohl bei den Entwicklungsprozessen als auch in der technischen Implementierung Synergien, andererseits aber auch konkurrierende Aspekte zwischen Safety und Security. Dies macht eine enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen diesen beiden Domänen notwendig, um mögliche Synergien zu heben sowie die konkurrierenden Aspekte beherrschen zu können. Zum anderen erscheint es sinnvoll, ein gemeinsames Branchenverständnis im Bereich der Security zu schaffen und hierdurch im Sinne der Sicherheit des Kunden erprobte Methoden und Konzepte branchenweit einheitlich zu etablieren.
- KonferenzbeitragAutomotive safety and security integration challenges(Automotive - Safety & Security 2014, 2015) Glas, Benjamin; Gebauer, Carsten; Hänger, Jochen; Heyl, Andreas; Klarmann, Jürgen; Kriso, Stefan; Vembar, Priyamvadha; Wörz, PhilippThe ever increasing complexity of automotive vehicular systems, their connection to external networks, to the internet of things as well as their greater internal networking opens doors to hacking and malicious attacks. Security and privacy risks in modern automotive vehicular systems are well publicized by now. That violation of security could lead to safety violations - is a well-argued and accepted argument. The safety discipline has matured over decades, but the security discipline is much younger. There are arguments and rightfully so, that the security engineering process is similar to the functional safety engineering process (formalized by the norm ISO 26262) and that they could be laid side-by-side and could be performed together - but, by a different set of experts. There are moves to define a security engineering process along the lines of a functional safety engineering process for automotive vehicular systems. But, are these efforts at formalizing safety-security sufficient to produce safe and secure systems? When one sets out on this path with the idea of building safe and secure systems, one realizes that there are quite a few challenges, contradictions, dissimilarities, concerns to be addressed before safe and secure systems started coming out of production lines. The effort of this paper is to bring some such challenge areas to the notice of the community and to suggest a way forward. Note $\bullet $The term “Functional Safety” relates to ISO $26262 \bullet $The term “Security” is used to mean Automotive Embedded Information Security $\bullet $All examples used in this paper are fictitious and do not necessarily reflect either concrete requirements or solutions.
- KonferenzbeitragConstructive requirements modeling - more reliable implementations in a shorter time(Automotive - Safety & Security 2012, 2012) Berger, Christian; Siegl, SebastianRequirements engineering is nowadays the broadly accepted method to manage customer's requirements. The result is a specification from which a solution is implemented and which is used to validate the realization in terms of their fulfillment. However, today's tools assist in organizing and tracking the requirements but reliable criteria about their completeness, consistency, and realizability are missing. Furthermore, the resulting artifact is a document, which must be read and understood by humans, which itself is error-prone. It is obvious that errors and ambiguities result in an unwanted solution which is often and in the worst case only discovered in the final stage: Testing. This paper outlines an approach for constructive requirements modeling, which describes completely customer's demands in a formal manner so that already during the requirements' elicitation inconsistencies are eliminated, completeness is assessed, realizability is ensured, and all valid test cases can be derived by using a model-based testing approach. Therefore, we propose adaptions to the traditional V-model to not only save valuable development and testing time but also to achieve better results. The applicability is shown on the example of the software for an auxiliary heating system at a large German OEM.
- KonferenzbeitragEvolution of functional safety & security in AUTOSAR(Automotive - Safety & Security 2012, 2012) Schmerler, StefanAUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System Architecture) is an open, international standard for the software architecture of automotive ECUs, which is commonly developed in an international consortium of several OEMs, tier1s, and software tool providers. Today, numerous series vehicles with AUTOSAR technology inside are on the road. Within the AUTOSAR standard, several concepts and mechanisms to support safety & security were developed and included in the design of the AUTOSAR software architecture and in the corresponding functionality of the AUTOSAR basic software modules. Starting with its release 4.0 published in December 2009, AUTOSAR included enhancements with respect to safety-related applications in the automotive domain. The safety-related functionality of AUTOSAR and the functional safety standard ISO 26262 have been developed in parallel with mutual stimulation. In relation to the described activities, an overview of the available safety & security functionality is shown and a brief description of the following concepts and specified mechanisms is provided: Built-in self-test mechanisms for detecting hardware faults (testing and monitoring), Run-time mechanisms for detecting software execution faults, e.g. program flow monitoring, Run-time mechanisms for preventing interference between software elements, e.g. memory partitioning for software components and time partitioning for software applications, Run-time mechanisms for protecting communication, e.g. end-to-end (E2E) communication protection, Run-time mechanisms for error handling, Crypto service manager, Crypto abstraction library. Based on market needs, AUTOSAR plans to enhance the existing safety & security mechanisms and to support new methods and features in the future. An overview of the planned concepts and a brief description of the following extensions is provided: Integrated end to end protection, Hardware test manager for tests at runtime, Guide for the utilization of crypto services, In addition to the decribed concepts in the field of software architecture, AUTOSAR also plans to introduce several process and methodology improvements, which support the development processes with respect to safety & security aspects. The major ideas of the new conecpts are discussed and a brief description of the following improvements is provided: Tracability within the AUTOSAR specification documents, Safety related extensions for the AUTOSAR methodology and templates, Signal qualifier concept.
- KonferenzbeitragExploring and Understanding Multicore Interference from Observable Factors(Automotive - Safety & Security 2017 - Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit für automobile Informationstechnik, 2017) Lesage, Benjamin; Griffin,David; Bate, Iain; Soboczenski, FrankMulti-core processors bring a wide variety of challenges to the development, maintenance and certification of safety-critical systems. One of the key challenges is to understand how tasks sharing the processing resource affect one another, and to build an understanding of existing or new platforms. Industry reports that interference can lead to large variations in execution times which can lead to a wide variety of problems including timing overruns. To support performance improvements, debugging and timing analysis, a framework is presented in this paper for reliably establishing the interference patterns of tasks using simple contenders. These contenders systematically manipulate the shared resources so the effect on interferences can be understood and analysed. The approach relies on guided exploration of the interference space and existing performance monitoring infrastructure. It has been implemented on a Tricore AURIX platform to analyse the behaviour of multiple real and kernel applications.