P359 - E-Vote-ID 2024 - Ninth International Joint Conference on Electronic Voting
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- KonferenzbeitragChallenging the idea that internet voting verification tools create trust - they serve as distrust mitigation tools(E-Vote-ID 2024, 2024) Duenas-Cid, David; Misev, VladimirIndividual verification mechanisms in elections allow voters to ascertain that their votes are correctly cast and ensure overall electoral integrity by identifying possible issues such as large-scale attacks. Previous research shows that while some voters find these tools helpful, the usage rates of these mechanisms are generally low, and, therefore, their impact on building trust is less than expected. Despite this, there is consensus on the need to introduce verification mechanisms and the expectation that they help build trust. Based on interviews conducted in Estonia and New South Wales (Australia), we posit that verification mechanisms do not create trust but rather mitigate distrust by providing a security layer for detecting possible problems and reducing the appearance of possible distrust discourses.
- KonferenzbeitragClick and Cast - Assessing the Usability of Vote App(E-Vote-ID 2024, 2024) Cristiano, Laura; Longo, Riccardo; Spadafora, ChiaraThis article provides a comprehensive examination, from the usability perspective, of Vote App, a coercion-resistant electronic voting system. We report on the results of the usability tests conducted, where participants had to cast a vote in an artificial election while using the anti-coercion mechanisms of Vote App. To evaluate the results, we follow the three usability metrics of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction.
- KonferenzbeitragThe peasants are revoting, sire, and at random times(E-Vote-ID 2024, 2024) Blanchard, Enka; Ryan, Peter Y. A.Inspired by how coercion happens in practice in complex social networks where weak ties are more important than unilateral force, we propose a new mitigation mechanism based on revoting: adding an extra revoting period of random duration. Not only does this add opportunities to resist coercion, it also adds friction to the system, increasing the costs for both coerced voter and coercer, and disincentivising coercion. We investigate generalisations and variants of this mechanism in different frameworks (such as with and without shareable credentials), considering the optimal strategies for the electoral authority, voters and coercer. We also propose an implementation of the mechanism in a simple setting.
- KonferenzbeitragTracking Code-based Verification - Design and Evaluation(E-Vote-ID 2024, 2024) Nissen, Christina; Kulyk, Oksana; Volkamer, Melanie; Fredrich, Lara Elisabeth; Hermansen, HelenaTo mitigate security risks of Internet voting, techniques for verifiability have been developed, allowing the voters to verify that their cast vote has not been manipulated. One such technique is the use of tracking codes, which does not rely on complex cryptographic mechanisms, and therefore is often assumed to be more intuitive for the voters. However, no systematic evaluation of the usability, verification efficacy, and perceived trustworthiness of these systems has yet been conducted. Our contribution evaluates two variants of a tracking code-based system in a user study (N=306), testing both of the variants in the absence of vote manipulations as well as using different simulated tactics of vote manipulation. We conclude that both of our proposed variants are perceived as easy to use, transparent, and trustworthy in the absence of vote manipulation. However, we found varying rates of verification efficacy based on the vote manipulation tactic, manipulation with detection rates ranging from 0% to 76%. We conclude that using tracking codes can be a viable approach. At the same time, more awareness of potential manipulations needs to be raised to achieve the required security level, irrespective of the verification technique in place.
- KonferenzbeitragSocial Elections(E-Vote-ID 2024, 2024) Schürmann, CarstenIn 2023, Germany, for the first time in history, offered online voting over the Internet in form of a pilot project as an alternative to postal voting for the 2023 social elections (in German 'Sozialwahl'). In this paper, we describe intentions, political processes, implementation, and also the lessons learned from this pilot project, which might be of interest for other election management bodies wishing to offer Internet Voting as an alternative voting channel.
- KonferenzbeitragTrust, distrust and failure - Revisiting the use of electronic voting in the Netherlands (2006/07)(E-Vote-ID 2024, 2024) Duenas-Cid, DavidThis paper focuses on the complex dynamics of trust and distrust in digital government technologies by approaching the cancellation of machine voting in the Netherlands (2006-07). The analysis stresses how, although being a central component, technology's trustworthiness dialogues with the socio-technical context in which it is inserted. Overall, this paper contributes to understanding trust dynamics in digital government technologies, with implications for policymaking and technology adoption strategies.
- KonferenzbeitragRecommendations for Implementing IV in Internet Voting(E-Vote-ID 2024, 2024) Moser, Florian; Grimm, Rüdiger; Hilt, Tobias; Kirsten, Michael; Niederbudde, Christoph; Volkamer, MelanieEnd-to-end verifiable systems are employed to safeguard the integrity of Internet voting. Voter-initiated verification for individual verifiability require that the ballot formed on the voter's device is audited on a second device, which is independent of a potentially manipulated voter's device. Further trust is gained by executing the verification procedure on a second device with independent implementations, in order to defend against a dishonest primary system operator. This paper formulates recommendations to implement such independent individual verifiability tools. Our recommendations are based on the experiences made in the GI elections 2023 where such independent tools were made available to the voters -to our knowledge the first project of its kind.
- KonferenzbeitragIs Benaloh Challenge Suitable(E-Vote-ID 2024, 2024) Araujo, Roberto; Simplicio, Marcos; Cominetti, Eduardo; Matias, Paulo; Traoré, JacquesA few voting schemes for polling station elections are end-to-end (E2E) verifiable, allowing voters to check if their choices were cast-as-intended and recorded-as-cast. Some solutions rely on the Benaloh challenge, through which voters can spoil their ballots to verify if they were encrypted properly. In this paper, we discuss two potential issues and mitigations when this technique is used for in person voting with direct-recording electronic (DRE) machines: (1) leakage of voters' intentions in some scenarios; and (2) malicious DRE machines gathering statistical data aiming to trick challengers.
- KonferenzbeitragE-Vote-ID 2024 - Complete Volume(E-Vote-ID 2024, 2024)
- KonferenzbeitragThe Digital Service Act and Elections(E-Vote-ID 2024, 2024) Loeber, LeontineThe use of technology in the electoral process has not only been applied to the process of voting but also to the ways voters are informed about elections. This information can be about the procedural aspects of voting, such as how to register, when to vote and the dissemination of results, but also on the parties and candidates and their positions. While the use of internet makes it easier for electoral management bodies to inform voters about elections and the way they can participate, there is a growing fear that the use of social media has let to new ways to manipulate elections, by spreading misinformation. This misinformation can lead to the loss of trust in elections and their results, as was clearly shown in the case of the 2020 US elections. Within the European Union, this fear led to the adoption of the Digital Service Act, which, among other things, regulates how social media platforms should combat misinformation within the electoral process. This paper maps the requirements of the Act and their consequences for the use of social media in elections. It highlights the benefits, but also the possible drawbacks of the choices that were made by the EU.