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- ZeitschriftenartikelSchema-Guided Inductive Functional Programming(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012) Hofmann, MartinInductive Program Synthesis or Inductive Programming (IP) is the task of generating (recursive) programs from an incomplete specification, such as input/output (I/O) examples. All known IP algorithms can be described as search in the space of all candidate programs, with consequently exponential complexity. To constrain the search space and guide the search traditionally program schemes are used, usually given a priori by an expert user. Consequently, all further given data is interpreted w.r.t. this schema which now almost exclusively decides on success and failure, depending on whether it fits the data or not. Instead of trying to fit the data to a given schema indiscriminately, in my thesis (Schema-guided inductive functional programmin through automatic detection of type morphisms, 2010) I proposed to utilise knowledge about data types to choose and fit a suitable schema to the data! Recursion operators associated with data type definitions are well known in functional programming, but less in IP. I showed how to exploit universal properties of type morphisms which may be detected in the given I/O examples. This technique allows to introduce generic recursion schemes, such as catamorphisms or paramorphisms, on arbitrary inductive data types in the analytical inductive functional programming system Igor II which was already presented here in a previous issue (Kitzelmann in Künstl. Intell. 25:179–182, 2011).
- ZeitschriftenartikelInterview with Pascal Van Hentenryck on Constraint-Based Programming(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012) Hofstedt, Petra; König, Thomas
- ZeitschriftenartikelAnfragesprachen neu erdacht(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012) Bry, FrançoisZum Erfolg der relationalen Datenbanken haben ihre logik-basierten Anfragen deswegen beigetragen, weil sie relativ leicht zu optimieren und auszudrücken sind. Relationale Anfragen eignen sich aber kaum zur Datenextraktion im Web und aus Ereignissströmen und können nicht so gut mit RDF umgehen. Dieser Artikel stellt prototypische Anfragesprachen vor, die das deklarative logik-basierte Paradigma der relationalen Anfragen auf verschiedene Weisen an das Web und an Ereignisströme anpassen: Xcerpt für unvollständige Web-Anfragen, KWQL für ein Spektrum von Web-Anfragetypen von einfachen Schlüsselwort-Anfragen bis hin zu Strukturanfragen, KWRL zur Begründungsverwaltung, KWRL zur Begründungsverwaltung, XChangeEQ für Ereignisanfragen, RDFLog zur uneingeschränkten Behandlung von Blank Nodes in RDF-Anfragen und RPL für Pfadanfragen in RDF-Graphen.
- ZeitschriftenartikelAgreeing on Role Adoption in Open Organisations(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012) Aldewereld, Huib; Dignum, Virginia; Jonker, Catholijn M.; Riemsdijk, M. BirnaThe organisational specification of a multi-agent system supports agents’ effectiveness in attaining their purpose, or prevent certain undesired behaviour from occurring. This requires that agents are able to find out about the organisational purpose and description and decide on its appropriateness for their own objectives. Organisational modeling languages are used to specify an agent system in terms of its roles, organizational structure, norms, etc. Agents take part in organisations by playing one or more of the specified roles for which they have the necessary capabilities.In this paper, we investigate the process of role adoption in the context of the well-known OperA organisational modelling language. In OperA, each organisation has a gatekeeper role responsible for admitting agents to the organisation. Agents playing the role of gatekeeper can interact with agents that want to enter the organisation in order to come to agreement on role adoption. That is, negotiate which roles they will play and under which conditions they will play them. This is possible by evaluating capability requirements for roles. We extend OperA to allow for the specification of role capabilities. This approach will be illustrated using the Blocks World for Teams (BW4T) domain.
- ZeitschriftenartikelPlatas—Integrating Planning and the Action Language Golog(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012) Claßen, Jens; Röger, Gabriele; Lakemeyer, Gerhard; Nebel, BernhardAction programming languages like Golog allow to define complex behaviors for agents on the basis of action representations in terms of expressive (first-order) logical formalisms, making them suitable for realistic scenarios of agents with only partial world knowledge. Often these scenarios include sub-tasks that require sequential planning. While in principle it is possible to express and execute such planning sub-tasks directly in Golog, the system can performance-wise not compete with state-of-the-art planners. In this paper, we report on our efforts to integrate efficient planning and expressive action programming in the Platas project. The theoretical foundation is laid by a mapping between the planning language Pddl and the Situation Calculus, which is underlying Golog, together with a study of how these formalisms relate in terms of expressivity. The practical benefit is demonstrated by an evaluation of embedding a Pddl planner into Golog, showing a drastic increase in performance while retaining the full expressiveness of Golog.
- ZeitschriftenartikelVerwendung von Lisp in KI-Projekten(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012) Betz, Christian; Hotz, LotharIn diesem Beitrag werden anhand von anwendungsorientierten Forschungsprototypen aus den Bereichen Konfigurierung, Diagnose und Szeneninterpretation wesentliche Lisp-Merkmale vorgestellt. Weiterhin wird ausgehend von den gemachten Erfahrungen eine Brücke zu aktuellen Entwicklungen aus dem Bereich der funktionalen Programmiersprachen geschlagen.
- ZeitschriftenartikelIn memoriam John McCarthy(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012)
- ZeitschriftenartikelWhat Language Do You Use to Create Your AI Programs and Why?(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012)
- ZeitschriftenartikelKI und Informatik(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012) Schmid, Ute
- ZeitschriftenartikelEngineering Coordination(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012) Schumann, RenéThe reuse of code and concepts is an important aspect when developing multiagent systems (MAS) and it is a driving force of agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE). In particular, the reuse of mechanisms like coordination is fundamental to support developers of MASs. In this article we address the selection of effective and efficient mechanisms to coordinate plans among autonomous agents. The selection of coordination mechanisms is, up to now, not covered sufficiently. Therefore, we present the ECo-CoPS approach that defines a structured process for the selection of coordination mechanisms for autonomous planning systems, where the local autonomy and existing planning systems can be preserved.