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- KonferenzbeitragBeating the Brains : Self-regulation and Emergence of Content in Electonic Conferencing(Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) Vreeswijk, Gerard; ten Have, Inne; Reijnen, AntwanMany internet discussions suffer from a number of shortcomings, such asa distorted read/write ratio, lack of structure, and lack of progression. In relation to a university lustrum project, an internet discussion platform, named "Beating the Brains," is built such that the content and the direction of a discussion (ona certain topic) is steered implicitly by the participants. The steering takes place by means by rules and a scoring system. This article discusses BtB and compares it with other internet discussion platforms, such as "Slashdot," Slashdot-type platforms and the consumer product evaluation site "Epinions".
- KonferenzbeitragA Data Model for Next Generation Online Dispute - Resolution Systems for Cross-border E-Commerce(Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) Chawdhry, Pravir; Norheim, David; Wilikens, MarcThis paper presents a data model for developing the new generation of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) systems with sophisticated end-user service and standard protocol s needed to establish confidence in a cross-border e-commerce environment . An analysis of the various activities in the ODR business process have led us to identify the underlying entities that capture the information content of the ODR process. The result is a data model that can be deployed for building a new generation of ODR systems. The data model has been implemented in XML and tested on a simple claim filing process.
- KonferenzbeitragMediation Systems(Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) Gordon, Tom; Märker, OliverZusammenfassung Ausgehend von typischen Rollen und Zielen("use cases") zeigen wir mögliche Anwendungen existierender Software-Tools zur Unterstützung klassischer Mediation auf und definierenKernkomponentenmit denen ein relativ großer Bereich von Mediationsaufgaben unterstützt werden kann. In diesem Beitrag versuchen wir Mediationssysteme zu definieren und von allgemeineren Groupware-Typen abzugrenzen. Abstract Considering the roles and tasks ("use cases") in a standard mediation procedure, we identified many possible applications of existing software tools to support the mediation process. Several core components supporting a wide range of mediation tasks were found. The paper attempts to define mediation systems and distinguish them from more general purpose groupware.
- KonferenzbeitragThe development of an internet forum for long-term participatory group learning about problems and solutions to sustainable urban water supply management(Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) Hare, M.; Gilbert, N.; Medugno, D.; Asakawa, T.; Heeb, J.; Pahl-Wostl, C.This paper reports on the planned use of the Internet in an ongoing participatory process targeted at developing solutions for the sustainable management of an urban water supply system. The foundation of our participatory methodology is face-to-face group communication within regular meetings of the principal stakeholders. During such meetings we are developing multi-media (paper-, boardgame- and computer-based) multi-agent models of the water management system in order to allow the stakeholders to explore possible management scenarios and to learn about other stakeholders' often conflicting perspectives and goals. However, another forum is required for stakeholder interaction, model testing and the exchange of views, outside of the necessarily rare platform meetings. A facilitated Internet forum is therefore under development. Since the stakeholder group contains a heterogeneous mix of people ranging from those experienced in using computers to those who are computer-naïve and resistant to them, care must be taken when introducing a computer into the hitherto computer-free sessions. A multi-stage approach to introducing the Internet-based model into our participatory process through game playing and other acclimatization methods is being developed. This paper describes this approach and provides a planned architecture for the Internet forum.
- KonferenzbeitragOnline dispute resolution: new model for e-consumers and e-companies(Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) Sali, RinaldoA new model of online mediation born in Milan will be analysed as a new method of online dispute resolution (ODR). This new model could tell us if ODR will only improve traditional alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods or radically change the way t o solve dispute. This paper would also underline the need for new standards and rules for the net economy, in order to avoid a lack of e-consumers protection.
- KonferenzbeitragAuthoring Tools for Effective Societal Discourse(Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) de Moor, Aldo; Kleef, RolfComputer-mediated discussion processes play an important role in achieving sustainabl e development. However, when used in authoring complex documents, these discussions have so far not been very effective in consistently fostering social change. One reason is that in the design and application of the tools supporting these discussions, the social context is not sufficiently taken into acccount. The GRASS tool for group report authoring and the freeText tool for document review are authoring tools in which the social context is given more attention. A social context model for discussion processes is outlined. We show how the model can be used to construct information tool environments that help foster more effective discussions.
- KonferenzbeitragOnline Dispute Resolution (ODR) and Social Space(s): Information exchange and human interaction(Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) Gaitenby, Alan
- KonferenzbeitragT-REKS©: a Contribution to the Environmental Information Management through a Computer-Supported Modular Knowledge Organisation System for the Environment(Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) Plini, Paolo; Lucke, Sandra; Baffioni, Claudio; Felluga, BrunoThe utilisation of computer technology for the management of environmental issues has gained much importance in the last few years. The first reason is related to the increasing attention for environmental problems shown by governmental and non-governmental institutions, industries, opinion groups, professionals, and by the public. The concepts connected with the principle of sustained development have favoured this evolution through a complex route that led to extend the sustainability principle from global level to local level, down to the problems connected with the changes and growth of urban centres and to the daily choices of single citizens (Aalborg Cha rt). The second reason is related to the fast technological development of informatics and related issues. The increasing power of computers, the growing speed of information networks and the standardization of protocols, have favoured a wide circulation of data and information. This interaction between environmental issues and computer technology has produced good results in various fields: we will mention here only three. First, the contribution to the spreading of both environmental formation and information: the new computer instruments have rapidly changed the teaching methods that have been quickly introduced in the field of the environment, as well as of the occupational environment safety. A good example of this trend is offered by the projects financed by the European Program Leonardo daVinci, of EC DG Education and Culture. Important is also the use of environmental information for implementing measures in land management and planning: administrative practices of management and control have been implemented thanks to these new instruments. An example of this is provided by the Italian GAIA (Environmental Management – Environmental Information) and Aquarium Projects, where innovative models for data banks (from data banks to data warehouses) and the GEMET thesaurus (General Multilingual Environmental Thesaurus, ETC/CDS - EEA, 1999) have been introduced for classifying data and metadata. Eventually, we would like to mention the ISTresearch programs of theEU, for the development of instruments to be used in transportation planning for the sustainability of metropolitan areas. In this program, the effort aimed not only at harmonising the information on mobility (traffic) characteristics with environmental problems, but also at achieving a dynamic exchange of information. The common denominator of the aforementioned examples postulates the need and the possibility of using a general conceptual scheme for all these projects: a general reference scheme, developed through a common approach, tailored to the different applications in the different projects. In the course of an international endeavour for the development of a multilingual thesaurus for the environment (GEMET, 1999), seven multilingual terminologies, totalling 50.000 terms, have been analysed and handled. These terminologies differed as regards document origin, source language, context, categorisation, level of control, semantic nuances, compliance to ISO norms, quality, and so on. Thus, a contextual frame was needed, to accommodate in a coherent system all the different expressions. This frame had to be controlled, flexible and ready to be applied to disparate environmental information systems. After a series of trials, T-REKS e , the Thesaurus-based Reference Environmental Knowledge System °, has been developed and applied.
- KonferenzbeitragLife cycle inventory modelling in the Swiss national database ECOINVENT 2000(Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) Frischknecht, RolfIn late 2000 the project ECOINVENT 2000 has officially been launched. Several Swiss federal agencies and nine institutes of the ETH domain agreed on a joint effort to harmonise and update life cycle inventory (LCI) data for its use in life cycle assessment (LCA). Life cycle assessment is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product from resource extraction to final disposal . For that purpose a central database will be developed building on past experiences witha large network-based LCI database developed at ETH Zürich. The database will comprise LCI data from the energy, transport, building materials, chemicals, paper and pulp, waste treatment and agricultural sector. The content of the database will be made publicly available via the web. Two technical aspects are highlighted, namely the data exchange and the computation of LCA results. XML-technology is applied for the data exchange between the institutes and between them and the central database. This allows for a flexible solution and gives the opportunity to consider the particularities of different LCA software products on the market. Matrix inversion is used to calculate the cumulative LCA data using efficient algorithms and making use of the fact that LCA matrices are usually sparse.
- KonferenzbeitragEvaluation of Search Engines Concerning Environmental Terms(Sustainability in the Information Society, 2001) Voigt, Kristina; Welzl, Gerhard