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- ZeitschriftenartikelCoTeSys—Cognition for Technical Systems(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010) Buss, Martin; Beetz, MichaelThe CoTeSys cluster of excellence (Beetz et al. in Proceedings of the 30th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, KI-2007, pp. 19–42, 2007) investigates cognition for technical systems such as robots and factories. Cognitive technical systems (CTS) are information processing systems equipped with artificial sensors and actuators, integrated and embedded into physical systems, and acting in a physical world. They differ from other technical systems as they perform cognitive control and have cognitive capabilities. Cognitive control orchestrates reflexive and habitual behavior in accord with longterm intentions. Cognitive capabilities such as perception, action, knowledge and models, reasoning, learning and planning turn technical systems into systems that “know what they are doing”. The cognitive capabilities result in systems of higher reliability, flexibility, adaptivity and better performance.
- ZeitschriftenartikelInterview with Eric Berger (Co-Director, Personal Robotics Program, Willow Garage)(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010) Beetz, Michael; Kirsch, Alexandra
- ZeitschriftenartikelSpecial Issue on Cognition for Technical Systems(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010) Beetz, Michael; Kirsch, Alexandra
- ZeitschriftenartikelCognitive Interaction Technology(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010) Ritter, HelgeThe coming decade will bring raw processing power and storage capacities of everyday computers to the same level as small brains. Considering this, current interaction technology seems archaic as it still forces humans to follow highly stereotyped, narrow and often error-prone procedures in order to make computers, robots, or other machinery obey them. The vision behind the Excellence Cluster Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC) is to develop ways of interacting with technical systems that are as natural and smooth as communication between humans.
- ZeitschriftenartikelConstraint Based World Modeling for Multi Agent Systems in Dynamic Environments(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010) Göhring, DanielMobile autonomous robotics is a young and complex field of research. Since the world is uncertain and since robots can only gain partial information about it, probabilistic navigation algorithms became popular whenever a robot has to localize itself or surrounding objects. Furthermore, cooperative exploration and localization approaches have become very relevant lately, as robots begin to act not just alone but in groups. Within my thesis I analyze, how information can be exchanged between robots in order to improve their world model. Therefore I examine how communication of spatial percept-relations can help to improve the accuracy of the world model, in particular when the robots are poorly self-localized. First, percept-relations are being used to increase the modeling accuracy in static situations, later the approach is extended to moving objects. After focussing on suitable sensory data for communication, in the second part I present a Bayesian modeling approach, using constraint satisfaction techniques for complex belief functions. Constraint based localization methods will be analyzed in order to have a group of robots efficiently localized and to model their environment. The presented algorithms were implemented and tested within the RoboCup Standard Platform League (SPL).
- ZeitschriftenartikelSpatial Cognition: Reasoning, Action, Interaction(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010) Freksa, C.; Schultheis, H.; Schill, K.; Tenbrink, T.; Barkowsky, T.; Hölscher, C.; Nebel, B.The Transregional Collaborative Research Center SFB/TR 8 Spatial Cognition pursues interdisciplinary research on a broad range of topics related to the representation and processing mechanisms for intelligent spatial behavior in technical and in natural systems. This contribution gives an overview of the field of research worked on in the SFB/TR 8 Spatial Cognition and presents three representative examples that illustrate the activities in the three research areas Reasoning, Action, and Interaction.
- ZeitschriftenartikelSemantic 3D Object Maps for Everyday Manipulation in Human Living Environments(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010) Rusu, Radu BogdanEnvironment models serve as important resources for an autonomous robot by providing it with the necessary task-relevant information about its habitat. Their use enables robots to perform their tasks more reliably, flexibly, and efficiently. As autonomous robotic platforms get more sophisticated manipulation capabilities, they also need more expressive and comprehensive environment models: for manipulation purposes their models have to include the objects present in the world, together with their position, form, and other aspects, as well as an interpretation of these objects with respect to the robot tasks.The dissertation presented in this article (Rusu, PhD thesis, 2009) proposes Semantic 3D Object Models as a novel representation of the robot’s operating environment that satisfies these requirements and shows how these models can be automatically acquired from dense 3D range data.
- ZeitschriftenartikelVon kognitiven technischen Systemen zu Companion-Systemen(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010) Biundo, Susanne; Wendemuth, AndreasDer Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 62 „Eine Companion-Technologie für kognitive technische Systeme“ befasst sich mit der systematischen und interdisziplinären Erforschung kognitiver Fähigkeiten und deren Realisierung in technischen Systemen. Dabei stehen die Eigenschaften der Individualität, Anpassungsfähigkeit, Verfügbarkeit, Kooperativität und Vertrauenswürdigkeit im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung. Die Realisierung dieser so-genannten Companion-Eigenschaften soll menschlichen Nutzern eine neue – auch emotionale – Dimension des Umgangs mit interaktiven Systemen erschließen, wobei diese als empathische Assistenten wahrgenommen und akzeptiert werden.
- ZeitschriftenartikelAdvances in Robot Programming by Demonstration(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010) Dillmann, Rüdiger; Asfour, Tamim; Do, Martin; Jäkel, Rainer; Kasper, Alexander; Azad, Pedram; Ude, Aleš; Schmidt-Rohr, Sven R.; Lösch, MartinRobot Programming by Demonstration (PbD) has been dealt with in the literature as a promising way to teach robots new skills in an intuitive way. In this paper we describe our current work in the field toward the implementation of PbD system which allows robots to learn continuously from human observation, build generalized representations of human demonstration and apply such representations to new situations.
- ZeitschriftenartikelKI im Daten-Tsunami(KI - Künstliche Intelligenz: Vol. 24, No. 4, 2010) Bergmann, Ralph