Tagungsband MuC 2024
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- KonferenzbeitragUnderstanding the Adoption of ChatGPT in Higher Education: A Comparative Study with Insights from STEM and Business Students(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Kubullek, Ann-Kathrin; Kumaç, Nadire; Dogangün, AysegülSince ChatGPT’s introduction, generative artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced the media, technological innovation, and educational discourse. Its increasing importance, especially in academia, necessitates a detailed examination of the impact of AI on higher education, particularly on how it changes teaching and learning processes. This study therefore looks at the factors affecting students’ attitudes towards AI technologies in the university setting, with a particular focus on the differences between business and STEM programmes. Using a mixed methods approach, the study combines surveys and interviews to collect data on students’ perceptions, attitudes and experiences with generative AI technology in academia. The data collected is analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively to reveal significant trends and insights into the adoption and use of generative AI tools in the university environment. The main objective of the study is to shed light on the determinants that determine the varying degrees of AI adoption in different academic disciplines. The findings have the potential to inform the implementation of educational technology and assist in the development of strategies for the effective integration of generative AI tools to meet the different needs and preferences of students in a range of academic contexts.
- KonferenzbeitragCoLoTiMa: A Cognitive-Load Based Time Management Tool(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Maleck, Moritz; Gross, TomTime management has the potential to maintain the learning and working productivity. Prominent techniques—such as Pomodoro—typically suggest to alternate productive periods and breaks. They are mostly time-based and lack adaptability to individual preferences and cognitive workloads. In the context of learning, this leads to suboptimal learning experiences, with rigid time structures hindering productivity and reducing efficiency. We introduce CoLoTiMa, a novel approach that dynamically adjusts learning period durations. It integrates real-time cognitive-load measurements and user self-assessment to tailor learning experiences. Through the use of eye-tracking, CoLoTiMa optimises the duration of learning blocks in accordance with individual learning preferences and thus fosters personalised and efficient outcomes.
- KonferenzbeitragFrom Text to Treatment: How Medical Discharge Letters Are Used as a Key Artifact for Managing Patient Care(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Zakreuskaya, Anastasiya; Buschek, Daniel; Mackay, Wendy E.; Avellino, Ignacio; Dove, Graham; Eskofier, Bjoern MHospital physicians must navigate through vast quantities of patient information represented in text-based reports. Although intended to improve patient care, their effectiveness hinges on each physician’s ability to successfully handle and interpret fragmented information from diverse sources. The increasing automation of text interactions are a potential support but are still at the early phase of implementation in real-world scenarios. We observed 144 hours of clinical shifts in a German internal medicine hospital and collected structured field notes on physicians’ current practices with text-based reports to enrich existing understanding of the requirements for including automation to clinical text. We identified medical discharge letters as most frequently consulted text document and a qualitative analysis of the field notes revealed that this document acts as a key artifact that serves different roles and purposes in the hospitalization of a patient. Based on our findings we discuss possible loss of these nuanced uses through automation and propose design implications for medical text reports.
- KonferenzbeitragSearch User Interaction in Multi-Theme Map-based Applications: A Preliminary Assessment(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Degbelo, Auriol; Schmidt, Benno; Vuong, Johnni; Henzen, Christin; Zander, Franziska; Lechler, Sarah; Lier, BernadetteMap-based web applications are often used to display spatial information in the context of (open) data from the environmental and urban infrastructure sectors. As the number of thematic layers displayed on these applications grows, maintaining user interface intuitiveness becomes increasingly challenging. To provide an initial account of design practices in the area, this article examines 19 map-based applications with multiple thematic layers, along four dimensions: thematic content complexity, functionalities for layer search, legend design and functionalities for the search of location information. We then report on findings from a brainwriting workshop involving 11 participants, during which three applications were used to identify design challenges and opportunities. The observations and design issues presented are relevant to researchers and designers of applications displaying multi-theme spatial information.
- Konferenzbeitrag(X)AI as a Teacher: Learning with Explainable Artificial Intelligence(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Spitzer, Philipp; Goutier, Marc; Kühl, Niklas; Satzger, GerhardDue to changing demographics, limited availability of experts, and frequent job transitions, retaining and sharing knowledge within organizations is crucial. While many learning systems already address this issue, they typically lack automation and scalability in teaching novices and, thus, hinder the learning processes within organizations. Recent research emphasizes the capability of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to make black-box artificial intelligence systems interpretable for decision-makers. This work explores the potential of using (X)AI-based learning systems for providing learning examples and explanations to novices. In an exploratory study, we evaluate novices’ learning performance in a learning setting taking into account their cognitive abilities. Our results show that novices increase their learning performance throughout the exploratory study. These results shed light on how XAI can facilitate learning, taking first steps towards understanding the potential of XAI in learning systems.
- KonferenzbeitragInvestigating the Perceived Abilities of Popular Game Characters' Clothes(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Behrens, Selina; Kocur, MartinThe visual appearance of avatars can influence users’ behavior and perception based on their stereotypical associations. Avatars’ clothing govern the visual appearance and is not only aesthetically important but also determines the anticipated abilities. Therefore, avatar designers need to know the abilities that are associated with the clothing. However, a systematic investigation of avatars’ clothes and the perceived abilities is missing. Consequently, we conducted an online survey with 61 participants to explore the functionality, physical and cognitive abilities, as well as comfort and aesthetics of 15 selected popular action video game characters’ clothes. We contribute with a heatmap illustrating the correlation between clothes and specific abilities. This heatmap serves as a tool for avatar designers during the creation process to anticipate the perceived abilities of their avatars’ clothes.
- KonferenzbeitragWho owns the city?" - Focus groups on barriers to current citizen participation and the design of digital participation formats: "Wem gehört die Stadt?" - Fokusgruppen zu Hürden aktueller Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung und Gestaltung digitaler Beteiligungsformate"(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Klütsch, Jennifer; Haehn, Luise; Schlittmeier, Sabine JaninaDigital participation formats could offer great potential to support the process of current citizen participation and to counteract the barriers that arise. Based on two focus groups with a total of 12 participants between the ages of 25 and 70, we investigated the barriers experienced and potential for optimisation of previous citizen participation as well as the expectations and preferences for digital citizen participation. The aim is to develop digital participation formats in a participatory manner based on the needs of citizens and thus utilize the potential of digital citizen participation. In the focus groups, we identified a lack of awareness of and identification with participation processes as possible personal barriers for citizens. A perceived lack of transparency and communication in participation processes were, among others, identified as barriers arising from project coordinators, which can lead to a lack of trust and frustration. In order to promote transparent and comprehensible participation processes in the future, the focus groups offer valuable information on the design of future citizen participation, both for process optimisation and for increasing awareness of citizen participation.
- KonferenzbeitragHow Do Professionals in SMEs Engage With AI and Regulation? An Interview Study in Austria(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Wolf-Brenner, Christof; Pammer-Schindler, Viktoria; Breitfuss, GertAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is becoming more widespread, small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are beginning to use it extensively. This paper presents the results of an interview study with eight CEOs or co-founders of SMEs. We explore the practical applications of AI technologies within these SMEs and their anticipation of forthcoming European AI regulations, specifically the AI Act. Additionally, we also investigate attitudes and dispositions towards voluntary codes of conduct as outlined within it. This study aims to shed light on the operational, regulatory, and ethical dimensions of AI integration within SMEs. It reveals that SMEs favor third-party AI systems, particularly those based on Large Language Models (LLMs), due to their convenience and minimal integration effort. Additionally, SMEs are keenly aware of their need for external support to navigate upcoming AI regulations, emphasizing the importance of tailored interventions to ensure compliance and optimal use of AI technologies. Lastly, SMEs view voluntary codes of conduct as outlined in the AI Act as a testament to a company’s commitment to go beyond mere legal compliance, thus reinforcing trust. Based on our findings, we propose three design implications for the HCI community: convenient AI integration, post-adoptive regulatory support, and proactive ethical design.
- KonferenzbeitragGRACE: Towards an Embodied Voice Assistant for Improving Quality of Life by Leveraging Elements of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Vinay, Rasita; Tommila, Nora Camilla; Schlögl, Mathias; Klöppel, Stefan; Biller-Andorno, Nikola; Kowatsch, TobiasDementia is one the leading causes of death globally. Although currently no cure exists, there are multiple interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of people with dementia by leveraging elements of cognitive stimulation therapy. This work is the first of a several-year research agenda that investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of embodied voice assistants to deliver such interventions. We describe the development of the GRACE prototype based on an open-source social robotics platform. We expand its functionality by adding two intervention components of cognitive stimulation therapy and making the robot more interactive by integrating a public large language model. We also conduct a first evaluation with 11 healthy participants who assess perceived technology characteristics including working alliance, an important relationship quality, which is robustly linked to treatment success. Results indicate that GRACE was perceived positively. We conclude this short paper with suggestions for improvement and outline future work.
- KonferenzbeitragExploring the Understanding of Semantic Differentials to Measure User Experience with Children and Adolescents - First Findings and Recommendations for UX Testing(Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2024, 2024) Wöbbekind, Lea; Mandl, ThomasThis paper explores the use of semantic differentials in evaluating interactive products from the user's perspective, focusing on children and adolescents. While semantic differentials have been widely utilized in assessing user experience (UX) among adults, their application to younger target groups remains underexplored. Existing studies develop and validate questionnaires with semantic differentials for assessing UX in children, but challenges remain in understanding how adolescents evaluate products using this method and identifying potential error sources. The study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of how children and adolescents interpret semantic differentials in product evaluation, particularly in usability testing scenarios. The study shows that children and adolescents' comprehension of semantic differentials in UX questionnaires is affected by product characteristics and individual usage context, not just vocabulary. Analysis across class levels and product types identified error sources in interpreting semantic differentials for UX testing. Involving young individuals in shaping or selecting UX dimensions for questionnaires is crucial for ensuring their relevance and effectiveness.