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Auflistung Environmental Informatics 2005 nach Erscheinungsdatum
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- KonferenzbeitragModelling the Magnetosphere with Maple(Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking Environmental Information, 2005) Cheb-Terrab, Edgardo S.; Cooper, Jim; Wilson, Bary W.Environmental systems are often large and complex. It is by modeling and simulation that such systems can be understood and environmental changes predicted. This approach involves both mathematical (paper and pencil) and computational (numerical) activities. The former requires knowledge and focused concentration to avoid errors in the intermediate steps. Development of skills for the latter component typically represents an obstacle as well. This working landscape is changing with the advent of interactive mathematical systems, like Maple. A Maple document captures the analytic modelling, driven by a large body of mathematical algorithms, as well as numerical experiments, supported with an efficient computational engine. In this paper, we illustrate the application of Maple as a modeling tool to mathematically describe the earth’s magnetosphere. Instead of using empirical data, the description includes a simplified analytic model of the interaction between the solar wind and the earth magnetic field. This allows for plotting and visualization of the relevant phenomena directly from the model. This equation based approach, derived directly from first principles and a fundamental understanding of the magnetosphere, can provide adequate understanding and prediction capabilities without resorting to classical brute force finite element and finite difference simulation models.
- KonferenzbeitragHow to Promote Cross-border Mapping(Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking Environmental Information, 2005) Witschas, SabineNetworking environmental information implies the sharing of the relevant spatial information. The border-crossing nature of most environmental phenomena necessitates research into transboundary topics, while also the processes of European integration demand efficient geodata analyses and high-quality cross-border mapping. Wider awareness is therefore required in this field. Recommendations are to outline structure, issues and obstacles, to extract criteria for success, and finally, to provide more aid for active cross-border mappers, probably by means of a web portal.
- KonferenzbeitragThe Influence of the Empirical Parameters to the Emission Model(Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking Environmental Information, 2005) Pešl, JanThe important characteristic feature of algorithms for environmental modelling is the complexity of their mathematical representation. If we do not want very rough results, it is not so easy to omit influences like weather, human factor, etc. Many parameters in algorithms and their mathematical formulations are in praxis substituted by empirical constants, although it is well known that their values are very volatile. The reason is not that the scientists do not see this variance, but they simply don't know how to introduce data uncertainty into the algorithm formulation of model or are afraid of the resulting formula complexity. In the second case, nowadays it's a good time to change it. As the information and communication technology capabilities are growing rapidly, also the software for scientists becomes strong mathematical power to overcome problems with formula complexity, specifically the computer algebra systems. As they introduced connectivity features, which were the domain of the general programming languages earlier, they can be used as full implementation tool including the practical data manipulation. This paper shows the current research of Masaryk University in Brno in the field of introducing uncertainty formulas into the algorithms solving biological and environmental mathematical models. Case study of air pollution caused by the transport will be presented.
- KonferenzbeitragPredictive Modelling of Potential Distribution of Plant Associations in the Czech Republic(Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking Environmental Information, 2005) Kubošová, Klára; Hájek, Ondřej; Chytrý, Milan; Svoboda, Miroslav
- KonferenzbeitragServicing Environmental E-Learning (E2-Learning): using Geographic Information and Remote Sensing Web Services to support E2-Learning(Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking Environmental Information, 2005) Kotzinos, Dimitris; Konstantinou, Giorgos; Chrysoulakis, NektariosE-learning efforts, that use or support environmental information, have been around for quite some time now. In this work a framework of environmental web services is proposed, described and developed in order to support the creation of a virtual environmental lab, shared among different higher educational institutions. Several algorithms and data are implemented as case and feasibilty examples and presented in the paper. Also the corresponding clients that provide access to the web services have been implemented and can be used independently by each contributing institution in order to provide a customization mean. This work aims at complememting and work alongside with both in class teaching and e-learning systems.
- KonferenzbeitragBetween the idea: Quo Vadis XML?(Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking Environmental Information, 2005) Weihs, EricMeanwhile, the term XML has become established as a standard for the application of new IT technologies not only for environmental matters. Actually, XML only means Extended Markup Language. Originally, it was "only" a formalized readable language from the publishing and printing industry for the standardized description of documents (SGML). In that function it is used again today, at least to the extent of XML, in office word processing (MS Office, Open Office, etc.). In the environmental sector, XML is currently mainly used in the description of subject-related interfaces for an exchange of technical, scientific and meta data. Data processing and storage as such is generally performed according to the so-called "best practice" by means of a process of transformation into the table structure of relational databases. Object-relational XML databases (equivalent to sql databases) have not been used so far. Best practice, however, does not always prove to be a pioneer paving the way for progress. Up to now, a paradigmatic change has not taken place in the database sector. The argument that XML data can be stored just as well in relational database is only valid to a certain extent. It is correct that XML databases still are leading a niche life. The niche, however, is not determined by an exotic, little usable functionality, but by the dominant market position of relational databases defining themselves as self-fulfilling best practice. So what are the advantages of XML databases and how can they be delimited from sql data-bases as to quality? Quality does not refer to the question of performance, but to the question under what distinguishing criteria data models can be better represented in XML-defined models H or in relational ones (R). What can be better done by XML-defined data models and what by sql-oriented ones? Do the associative law, i.e. ((H*R)*H)=(H*R*H) and the commutative law H*R=R*H apply in retrieval and data modelling? If that is not the case, the data models cannot be fully converted into and replaced by one another. The intended article looks into this question and shows further user applications.
- KonferenzbeitragThe Austrian Soil Platform – An Internet-based Tool to Support Knowledge Exchange and Awareness Building(Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking Environmental Information, 2005) Tulipan, Monika; Strebl, FriederikeA soil information platform has been developed by the Austrian Soil Science Society and the Umweltbundesamt, Austria to meet information demands of Austrian soil experts as well as of the interested public. Besides providing high-quality information on soil related topics the web-site aims to support communication between the Austrian soil experts by offering a virtual forum. Further a tool supporting awareness building on soil conservation can be provided. Two years after launching the web-site, the Austrian Soil Platform is considered as a dynamic tool for soil expertsand the interested public supporting discussion and awareness building and is seen as an instrument for managing information on soil tasks in Austria.
- KonferenzbeitragTheme Park Soil-Geology-Nature: A Case Study for the Evaluation of New Concepts of Environmental Information Systems for the General Public(Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking Environmental Information, 2005) Düpmeier, Clemens; Geiger, Werner; Ebel, Renate; Schmid, Ernst; Linnenbach, MichaelSustainable development requires increased public awareness of environmental issues, which can only be achieved by making environmental information accessible and comprehensible to the public. However, in order to meet the public’s right to freely access environmental information in compliance with international and national legislation, it is not enough to simply grant the public access to environmental information originally designed for use by experts only. Presenting environmental information to the public to enhance understanding of the environment and promote awareness of issues related to its use and protection requires dedicated environmental information systems with special ways of implementation technology, content presentation and preparation. This paper presents concepts of the structure, contents, and implementation of the “Theme Park Soil-Geology- Nature”, an environmental information system specially developed for the general public. In addition to presenting and discussing technical implementation and content structure concepts, the paper also presents some first results of public evaluation of the system completed by the end of June 2005.
- KonferenzbeitragAGIS. Reflections on a Geographic Information System Used as a Web-based Planning Tool for the ASVK Graz(Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking Environmental Information, 2005) Gspurning, JosefThe Altstadt Graz Information System might be a representative example how Geographic Information Systems can be employed to satisfy the needs of a highly specialised user group which was not familiar with GIS before. Due to this lack of experience and existing examples AGIS has to be designed and set up completly new handling a lot of dissimiliar problems like the acquisition and the management of different kinds of data, the providing of information to mobile clients and the visualisation of retrieval results in a more flexible form (netbased as well as on storage media). The since now fully implemented low budget information system plots the location of the objects on clickable maps, shows their appearance and gives hints to the cultural relevance of the listed houses.
- KonferenzbeitragRobust Linear Models and Soft Modelling to Explain Chemical and Environmental Data(Informatics for Environmental Protection - Networking Environmental Information, 2005) Kupka, K.Both analytical and physical data measured in chemistry and environment have very often non-normal distribution, which makes the determination of true limits and risk by Gauss distribution curve impossible. Linear regression models are commonly used to construct prediction models to estimate unknown (e.g. future) properties based on known chemical or other physical properties. Often, the data used to construct such prediction models does not come from a pre designed experiment and may contain outliers or nontypical data, which can completely spoil the regression model when classical least squares method is used to estimate the regression parameters. We used a BIR (Bounded Influence Regression) to estimate parameters from uneven and noisy data with outliers. This approach resulted to better estimates with lower variances and to disclosure of outliers that was difficult to identify by classical methods. A solution of the big errors risk in the data are robust regression methods, that take into account possibility of such errors and treat them using weights, iterative re-calculations, or use of different criteria than least squares. For real data we recommend a simplified procedure to use both approaches – classical least squares and robust method. If the results are the same or similar, use least squares, if the results are different, trust rather robust method than least squares. Some graphical diagnostic methods are also mentioned. The procedures are available in a program QCE for Windows.