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Environmental Informatics 2023

https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/43254
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Auflistung Environmental Informatics 2023 nach Erscheinungsdatum

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  • Konferenzbeitrag
    A Novel Approach for Sensor Fusion Object Detection in Waste Sorting: The Case of WEEE
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Nazeri, Ali; Plociennik, Christiane; Vogelgesang, Malte; Li, Chanchan; Ruskowski, Martin
    This paper investigates the application of AI-based methods for characterizing waste materials in sorting processes. With the increasing use of sensors in waste sorting systems, there is an opportunity to integrate data and improve accuracy. AI methods, such as deep object detection models, have the potential to optimize waste management processes and promote sustainability. This research examines the utilization of Sensor Fusion Object Detection in a multi-sensor sorting system, focusing on two different data fusion methods: concatenation and image mirroring. In the first approach, image data is concatenated with data from a hyperspectral near-infrared camera (NIR) and an inductive sensor, where dimensionality reduction techniques are applied to the data from both sensors. The second approach relies on a specific combination of NIR and inductive sensor data to simulate the format of image data. A Siamese Object Detection architecture is developed to train the model. The real-world testing results show that both approaches improve waste characterization accuracy and reliability by augmenting the models’ mean average precision (mAP). These findings demonstrate the potential for AI-based methods to transform the waste separation and management process, leading to more sustainable practices and resource efficiency.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Development of a smart farming dashboard based of 5G mobile Data
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Akyol, Ali; Chahin, Rami; Dillschneider, Eva-Marie; Gerloff, Lars; Grabenhorst, Isabel; Gómez, Jorge Marx; Patil, Akhil; Schattenberg, Jan; Sgraja, Marie; Walther, Sören; Weide, Julian
    This work in progress paper is written as a short description mainly of the backend of project 5G, which is in the field of smart farming. The project focuses on using different technologies and machines for weed management. This work in progress paper highlights the need for efficient weed management. It discusses the problems which are associated with weed management and it raises questions that need to be addressed in this domain. Moreover, the topic of using weed management 5G, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) and field robotics in agricultural and farming services is an important topic at present. Besides, the work in progress paper shows possible technical concepts and processes which can be implemented into smart farming to increase its efficiency. This paper discusses special methods, which can be used in weed management by using AI (artificial intelligence). In addition to the project description, the paper includes an evaluation of the current state of the research and an outlook of potential future research.
  • Konferenz-Abstract
    How do the European Court of Human Rights rulings in environment-related cases affect the future of Environmental Informatics?
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Majchrowska, Agata; Majchrowski, Robert
    The United Nations, in 2021, decided to appoint the right to live in a healthy environment as a Human Right. Consequently, the Council of Europe issued their updated instruction on Article 46 of the Convention in 2022. Furthermore, in April 2023, the President of the ECHR claimed the issues in the Tribunal, mainly related to implementation and the execution of judgements, from two different perspectives. Substantially, the importance of the existence of the Rule of Law, and more operationally - the necessity to deal with already clarified issues or these so evident that should not raise doubts or concerns. Next, the Council of Europe released a dedicated announcement to underline the occurrence of Human Rights related to the environment. In addition, the climate change combating-based claims are already taken into consideration by the Great Chamber of the Tribunal and go more profound than the regular Human rights-based case as the potential judgement actually may be regarded as being related to the possibility of claiming the range or/and speed of measures that are taken by the states to combat climate change. Hence, the final goal of this research is to deliver the summary of the existing potential of both Environmental Informatics and the concept of ESG reporting in order to provide predictions of the consequences of accepting the ECHR Great Chamber’s case on the fair and justified conditions for prioritizing climate actions and their costs. Hence, some prioritization matrices have been considered to be used by software architects and developers in achieving the desired aim of optimized balancing climate goals with business-related development goals. This ongoing research has been meant to provide a thorough study to uncover and highlight the general importance of Fundamental Rights and the ways of employing Environmental Informatics that may support this comprehensive set of Climate-Action- related efforts for the sake of humans and their health and safety. The observed instances have met the concept mentioned within the discussion about the Right to Safety as the Human Right (and, accordingly, avoiding harm and its following costs). The research has been meant and designed to answer the question of how to implement these elements into software and where there are potential red lines to be considered from the perspective of various stakeholders (including developers and regulators). A multidisciplinary character of the research has been consciously projected to go slightly beyond the typical findings. It has been founded on the initial research-native assumption that some requirements should be mandatory as if they may be qualified from the perspective of the equally important and sensitive dilemma of automated decision-making processes, that should and can support decision-makers in both unveiling the potential of aggregated data in optimizing decision-making process and accompanying proceedings. The additional point of the discussion remains the currently open question for the ongoing discussions of the sociologically accepted limits of users’ responsibility or irresponsibility that should be noted as the outcome of using the software. The hypothesis that is placed on the ground of the research is supposed to answer the questions posed hereof, presumably indicating Einstein’s approach about the role of responsibility as a primer and the regularities and irregularities of acts of the authorities based on the rule of law and justified exceptions that are capable of covering the cases when minority comes to be more imperative than globality. Consequently, it seeks the answer to how to deploy the soft obligation to impose the regular use of software-based solutions to make reasonable and justified exceptions only consciously. The sub- hypothesis is based on the assumption that Environmental Informatics meets the same kind of challenges, concerns and remarks as typically addressed in the generally regarded Artificial Intelligence area of concerns, especially in the field of ethics. The study - methodologically concerning binary logic notation and vector databases model - is supposed to answer whether Fundamental Rights are to be considered True or False and how the vector databases model may be a supportive cast to resolve the conflict between two different, even almost essential priorities. Finally, despite the general goal of foreseeing the scenarios that may speed up the specific change, the final results are meant to gain interim conclusions, whether Environmental Informatics may be considered the gatekeeper or a watchdog in order to respect and enforce Human Rights.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Proposing a Framework to address the Sustainable Development Goals
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Schult, Prince Garcia; Losse, Ann-Kathrin; Czarnecki, Christian; Sultanow, Eldar
    Reducing poverty, protecting the planet, and improving life on earth for everyone are the essential goals of the "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development"committed by the United Nations (UN). Achieving those goals will require technological innovation as well as their implementation in almost all areas of our business and day-to-day life. This paper proposes a high-level framework that collects and structures different uses cases addressing the goals defined by the UN. Hence, it contributes to the discussion by proposing technical innovations that can be used to achieve those goals. As an example, the goal "Climate Actionïs discussed in detail by describing use cases related to tackling biodiversity loss in order to conservate ecosystems.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Proof of concept: local precipitation-dependent rainwater management with smart water tanks
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Wybrands, Marius; Bohn, Finn Ole
    The effects of extreme weather events are increasingly having a negative impact on the water and wastewater infrastructure. Due to increasing land sealing in urban areas and more intense rain events, new concepts are needed to relieve the water and wastewater infrastructure. One possible approach is the usage of private rain storage as retention volume without negatively affecting the owner. Therefore, a smart approach is used to manage the rain storage in a situational way. This paper therefore presents a first prototype of a smart water tank, which was used to cover and test initial requirements. The goal was to develop an operational and portable hardware and software prototype early in the project.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Design of IT structures in vaguely defined application environments - Experiences from actor interaction in the blue bioeconomy
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Koch, Björn; Lohaus, Christian; Klenke, Thomas
    This contribution focuses at appropriate IT structures for innovative market segments which form an application environment that is only fundamentally defined in digitization efforts. The core feature are vague application profiles for IT structures to be set up, which players in such market segments can use internally, but especially in environmental and social interaction. For the example of the emerging blue bioeconomy, experiences in setting up a cross-location, distributed IT structure are presented, which is geared towards advising and supporting actors in the blue bioeconomy by a diverse team of experts. Key findings lie in (i) the need to integrate different dimensions of vagueness in the treatment of increasingly defined information in a three-layer model of the IT structure, (ii) the development of the IT structure in an open process that takes into account the dynamics of the market sector, and (iii) the constant training of the members of the expert team on content, routines and limitations of the IT structure in consulting of actors.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Towards Data Spaces for circular economy and green business value networks
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Rilling, Lukas; Schneider, Alexander; Castelli, Nico
    Circular economy (CE) has been identified by several studies as the necessary reformation of the industry to decrease the environmental impact of production in the fight against climate change. Some studies have identified the lack of technological solutions to support the move towards a circular economy where among others the digital networking and data exchange is one of the most pressing and general problems which must be solved cross-industry and cross-country. This paper therefore identifies the most important requirements for a digital infrastructure to support CE and proposes a solution that combines all these factors by using Data Space concepts and technologies as the backbone for collaboratively collecting data in form of Digital Product Passports (DPP).
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Digitalization of the Value Chain Pig Production - Discussion of Novel Approaches and Application of Self-Sovereign Identity
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Precht, Hauke; Theesen, Cedrik; Buermann, Paula; Reinkensmeier, Jan; Gómez, Jorge Marx
    Livestock management is adapting to consumer demands with the aid of Precision Livestock Farming and innovative technologies like blockchain and Self Sovereign Identity. In this paper, we raise the question if Self Sovereign Identity (SSI) can be leveraged for creating decentralized digital identities, particularly in pig production, by discussing three proposals towards SSI adoption in the value chain pig production. We discuss employing Sovrin’s thing controller approach followed by a proposal for pig representation through Verifiable Credential (VC) or dynamic Non-Fungible Token. Scalability (in terms of the number of wallets or number of VCs) and ownership transfer (along with underlying transaction costs) emerge as critical challenges, while general feasibility is given from a high-level perspective. However, based on the potential towards enhanced transparency and traceability, we argue to pursue further empirical research while highlighting a research direction towards the decision support for choosing a proper SSI framework.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Towards a warning system for beekeepers: Detecting anomalous changes in sensor data from honey bee colonies
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Senger, Diren; Kluss, Thorsten; Förster, Anna
    Beekeepers in most parts of the world are challenged by colony losses induced by diseases, parasites, shortage of nectar and pollen, and various other causes. For a better understanding of these causes and to inform beekeepers when to intervene and to perform certain beekeeping activities to protect their colonies, monitoring systems using sensor technology in the hives can be implemented. Currently, most monitoring systems available at the market provide a visualisation of the measured sensor values, but do no integrate further analysis or an interpretation of the values, e.g. by time series classification or by comparing to time series prediction data. We describe a system architecture where predictions made for a specific colony can be used to find aberrations, potentially indicating an anomalous development of the bee colony. We summarise challenges of such an implementation and evaluate the system using data from a German Citizen Science Project, consisting of temperature, humidity and weight measurements and a log of all activities and observations made by the beekeepers in a web app.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Influence of Static Code Analysis on Energy Consumption of Software
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Brosch, Christoph
    In recent years, the rise of mobile devices, such as smartphones, smartwatches, or tablets, has led to an increased demand for energy-efficient software. In order to achieve this, developers can use static code analysis tools, such as Pylint, to detect potential issues in their code. This paper investigates how the usage of static code analysis influences the energy consumption of software. More specifically, we used the programming language Python and the general-purpose static code analysis tool Pylint [Py22]. For this purpose, we measured the energy consumption for algorithms implemented in the Benchmarks Game [Go22] before and after implementing the annotations and compared the results. Our findings suggest that resolving the annotations can have a negative impact on energy consumption. This was the case in 3 out of 8 algorithms. The remaining cases showed no significant difference. We assume that the increased energy consumption is due to the multitude of possibilities to implement annotations, leading to a possibility for worsening performance. Further research and experimentation are needed to objectively evaluate the impact of Pylint and static code analysis by extension, on energy consumption.