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Environmental Informatics 2023

https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/43254
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Auflistung Environmental Informatics 2023 nach Titel

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  • Konferenz-Abstract
    Assessing Sustainable Artificial Intelligence via Societal Impact Analysis: The Case of Earth Observation
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Rehak, Rainer; Hamm, Andrea; Ullrich, André; Zehner, Nicolas; Pütz, Julian; Mühlhoff, Rainer
    In the pursuit of fighting the climate catastrophe several technologies promise to help creating sustainable societies. In the digital realm a supposedly revolutionary set of technologies called artificial intelligence (AI) is currently discussed as tool for reaching ecological sustainability. Ecologically oriented AI applications like data analysis and monitoring as well as decision automation have been the subject of research for some time, and recently, the ecological footprint of AI systems themselves started to come into focus too. On a different note and shifting the focus to social sustainability, the societal implications of AI applications directly affecting individuals and groups are widely discussed in terms of fairness, accountability and transparency as well as regarding ethics and regulation. However, ecologically oriented AI applications also do have societal implications, although they are often less obvious, partly because of the ecological focus and purpose, and partly because of the usually more indirect relation. This paper intents to close this gap by suggesting an appropriate general societal impact analysis grid and by applying this grid on the concrete use case of satellite-data driven Earth Observation (EO). This approach is fruitful in two ways: First, our suggested societal impact analysis grid extends existing technology impact assessment frameworks (like the rather general Matrix of Convivial Technology) with critical social theory aspects (e.g. fairness, inequality), and data protection theory aspects (e.g. information power asymmetries). With this extension the grid is especially applicable to societal implications of computational and data-related technologies like AI. Second, we exemplify the use of our analysis grid on the case of EO and therefore uncover societal implications not evident upon first sight. Within its purpose EO provides practical benefits illustrating the potential of AI in contributing valuable sustainability-related insights, e.g. environmental monitoring. However, applying our grid, societal issues do emerge, e.g. a critical observer-observed relationship or global structural unfairness concerning available data. In creating the impact grid and discussing the concrete case of EO, this paper contributes to a needed and growing scholarship of sustainable AI.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Assessment Power of ChatGPT in the Context of Environmental Compliance Management – Experiments with a Real-World Regulation Cadastre
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Thimm, Heiko
    In multiple research disciplines use cases built on Large Language Models in particular ChatGPT are at the centre of today’s discussions. For example, in various ongoing projects of the LegalTech area ChatGPT is evaluated in terms of its potential to replace routine work of lawyers. In a recently started project we are investigating the use of ChatGPT for a specific corporate compliance management task. In particular, based on a real-world test data set ChatGPT is prompted to assess the relevance of environmental regulations. The ChatGPT output is compared to the respective judgements of the human experts in order to obtain a first indication of the assessment power of ChatGPT in the compliance management domain. This research in progress article gives an overview of the evaluation approach and presents first results of a set of 142 test cases covering regulations from four different areas of environmental legislation.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Design of a recommender system to improve the environmental impact of companies based on their material and energy balances
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Fayed, Hatem; Wohlgemuth, Volker
    As worldwide agreements aiming to reduce the carbon footprint keep coming into effect, many companies aim to become more efficient in their production process. However, it is costly to hire environmental experts to help with the efficiency and carbon reduction process. This research aims to analyze the possibility of creating a Recommender System (RS) which suggests Carbon Reduction Measures (CRM) to the users based on their Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) reports. Based on the literature review into the latest RS techniques and the available databases, a study was conducted into creating a RS prototype. Analysis of the results demonstrates, that with the currently available databases, it is not possible to create an effective RS. The results indicate that in order to be able to create a functional and useful RS more detailed data needs to be extractable from the LCA tool. Further research is needed into the exports from other Environmental Management Information Systems (EMIS) and the identification of other factors that could strengthen the effectiveness of the RS.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Design of IT structures in vaguely defined application environments - Experiences from actor interaction in the blue bioeconomy
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Koch, Björn; Lohaus, Christian; Klenke, Thomas
    This contribution focuses at appropriate IT structures for innovative market segments which form an application environment that is only fundamentally defined in digitization efforts. The core feature are vague application profiles for IT structures to be set up, which players in such market segments can use internally, but especially in environmental and social interaction. For the example of the emerging blue bioeconomy, experiences in setting up a cross-location, distributed IT structure are presented, which is geared towards advising and supporting actors in the blue bioeconomy by a diverse team of experts. Key findings lie in (i) the need to integrate different dimensions of vagueness in the treatment of increasingly defined information in a three-layer model of the IT structure, (ii) the development of the IT structure in an open process that takes into account the dynamics of the market sector, and (iii) the constant training of the members of the expert team on content, routines and limitations of the IT structure in consulting of actors.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Detection of wind turbine motion between satellite bands with convolutional neural networks
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Nahrstedt, Felix; Gärtner, Philipp; Wittmann, Jochen
    Due to the design of the MutliSpectral Instrument on-board Sentinel-2 Satellite, each spectral band observes the ground surface at different times. Recent studies have examined this temporal band offset, mostly to predict aircraft or ship velocities but also for the movement of waves. However, these methods come with the premise of somewhat consistent backgrounds and clear horizontal movements. This paper presents an approach for detecting motion between blue, green and red satellite bands in changing environments to evaluate wind turbine motion using a convolutional neural network (CNN). With this technique, an automatic recognition of turbine activity has been developed, avoiding the barely visible vertical motion in the labelling stage by focusing on the shadow spin. This has been done by creating open source data that is used for training and validation. By focusing on a binary classification approach between spinning wind turbines and non-turbine images, it has been found that a classification is possible and accurate with this method. In addition, limitations and peculiarities of the data and the band offset are described, including an analysis of the occlusion sensitivity. This detection can be useful for precise remote sensing of activity at a given location and is therefore not only of interest to the wind energy industry, which currently only works with proprietary data for energy efficiency or other activity based turbine improvements, but also for environmental monitoring and protection.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Determination of Citizen Groups and Added Value for a Daily-Integrated Environmental Information Portal
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Akyol, Ali; Dorkaev, Eugenia; Gómez, Jorge Marx
    Environmental and climate protection are becoming increasingly important in society. Despite the advancement of digitization in recent years, the publicly available environmental information portals (EIP) in Germany are not technically up-to-date and fall short of expectations. A thorough investigation of requirements and citizen groups is essential for the development of a novel environmental information portal. This work deals with the identification of the requirements and various citizen groups, especially the general public. Based on these findings, a concept for a tailored environmental information portal is developed. The first chapter, the introduction, addresses the motivation, the problem statement, and the research questions. Subsequently, the current state of research on environmental information and environmental information portals is examined. In the third chapter, the results of survey studies on the identification of citizen groups and their requirements are discussed. Based on this, a concept of a demand-driven environmental information portal tailored to the identified citizen groups is presented. In the concluding part, a summary and an outlook on further research areas of this work are provided.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Development of a smart farming dashboard based of 5G mobile Data
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Akyol, Ali; Chahin, Rami; Dillschneider, Eva-Marie; Gerloff, Lars; Grabenhorst, Isabel; Gómez, Jorge Marx; Patil, Akhil; Schattenberg, Jan; Sgraja, Marie; Walther, Sören; Weide, Julian
    This work in progress paper is written as a short description mainly of the backend of project 5G, which is in the field of smart farming. The project focuses on using different technologies and machines for weed management. This work in progress paper highlights the need for efficient weed management. It discusses the problems which are associated with weed management and it raises questions that need to be addressed in this domain. Moreover, the topic of using weed management 5G, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) and field robotics in agricultural and farming services is an important topic at present. Besides, the work in progress paper shows possible technical concepts and processes which can be implemented into smart farming to increase its efficiency. This paper discusses special methods, which can be used in weed management by using AI (artificial intelligence). In addition to the project description, the paper includes an evaluation of the current state of the research and an outlook of potential future research.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Digitalization of the Value Chain Pig Production - Discussion of Novel Approaches and Application of Self-Sovereign Identity
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Precht, Hauke; Theesen, Cedrik; Buermann, Paula; Reinkensmeier, Jan; Gómez, Jorge Marx
    Livestock management is adapting to consumer demands with the aid of Precision Livestock Farming and innovative technologies like blockchain and Self Sovereign Identity. In this paper, we raise the question if Self Sovereign Identity (SSI) can be leveraged for creating decentralized digital identities, particularly in pig production, by discussing three proposals towards SSI adoption in the value chain pig production. We discuss employing Sovrin’s thing controller approach followed by a proposal for pig representation through Verifiable Credential (VC) or dynamic Non-Fungible Token. Scalability (in terms of the number of wallets or number of VCs) and ownership transfer (along with underlying transaction costs) emerge as critical challenges, while general feasibility is given from a high-level perspective. However, based on the potential towards enhanced transparency and traceability, we argue to pursue further empirical research while highlighting a research direction towards the decision support for choosing a proper SSI framework.
  • Konferenz-Abstract
    Eco-innovation performance in European Union
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Bartoszczuk, Pawel
    To date no uniform proposal for measuring and analysing eco-innovation in the literature has been emerged. The main challenges in this regard are the need to establish indicators at micro level, taking into account the life cycle and the separation of eco- efficiency from the economic category of eco-innovation, the definition of levels of eco- innovation analysis and the careful development of data aggregation methods, in addition to understanding the effect of eco-innovation and the relationship of eco-innovation indicators to key indicators for measuring sustainable and sustainable socio-economic development. The effects of eco-innovation can be measured on a micro scale (for product or service, process, enterprise), meso (sector,) and macro. The effects of eco-innovation cannot be always positive. Despite the high investment of companies, eco-innovation activities are producing results in the longer term on a micro scale by reducing the negative impact of its activities on the environment, while at the same time leading to the impact of eco-innovation on the company's performance in the form of lower environmental pollution charges and lower energy costs. The main goal of the article is to prove the thesis that eco-innovation allows countries’ economies to increase their performance in the longer time period. Another aim was to analyse eco-innovation scoreboard data and to unveil the low index value reasons for Central Europe countries. To gain so declared goals, a research question was formulated as follow: do countries with less developed economies have lower eco-innovation performance? The performance measurement was based on secondary data analysis obtained from Eco-innovation observatory. These basic indicators and trends described European countries’ eco-innovations performance. The analysis is based on comparative research and available data. Poland is in the low eco-innovation performance group of countries, as are most Eastern European countries and some Western countries (such as Malta). Even against the background of these countries, there is a great distance of Poland to the new member states e.g. the Czech Republic and Estonia. The results of these indices indicate insufficient implementation of eco-innovation in enterprises in Poland. Currently available data presented by the European Eco-innovation Observatory confirms a significantly insufficient degree of eco-innovation of the Polish economy. On the one hand, there is no pressure on research in new eco-innovative solutions. On the other, academic and R&D centers are unable to satisfy the demands of the industry. It is of key importance that eco-innovations are perceived as the driving factor of the third transformation in Poland and other EU new members (following system transformation and the EU accession).
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Energy and resource comparison of current applications with a focus on statistical analyses and evaluations using the example of MATLAB and R
    (EnviroInfo 2023, 2023) Seegert, Tim; Bergmann, Malina; Brömme, Josephine; Junger, Dennis; Wohlgemuth, Volker
    This paper compares the energy and resource efficiency between MATLAB and R, two widely used programming languages in scientific computing and data analysis. A load driver and automation software, Power Automate, were utilized as a system under test to measure and evaluate the performance of both languages. Before the experiment, specific mathematical operations and execution methods were developed in MATLAB and R scripts. The measurement and evaluation were conducted using the Oscar framework. The results indicate that R outperforms MATLAB in baseline and statistical operations, while MATLAB excels in matrix calculations. These findings provide valuable insights for selecting the most suitable programming language based on specific computational requirements, optimizing energy consumption and resource utilization.