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- KonferenzbeitragAn Anthropomorphic Approach to establish an Additional Layer of Trustworthiness of an AI Pilot(Software Engineering 2022 Workshops, 2022) Regli, Christoph; Annighoefer, BjörnAI algorithms promise solutions for situations where conventional, rule-based algorithms reach their limits. They perform in complex problems yet unknown at design time, and highly efficient functions can be implemented without having to develop a precise algorithm for the problem at hand. Well-tried applications show the AI’s ability to learn from new data, extrapolate on unseen data, and adapt to a changing environment — a situation encountered in fl ight operations. In aviation, however, certifi cation regulations impede the implementation of non-deterministic or probabilistic algorithms that adapt their behaviour with increasing experience. Regulatory initiatives aim at defining new development standards in a bottom-up approach, where the suitability and the integrity of the training data shall be addressed during the development process, increasing trustworthiness in eff ect. Methods to establish explainability and traceability of decisions made by AI algorithms are still under development, intending to reach the required level of trustworthiness. This paper outlines an approach to an independent, anthropomorphic software assurance for AI/ML systems as an additional layer of trustworthiness, encompassing top-down black-box testing while relying on a well-established regulatory framework.
- KonferenzbeitragExtending Behaviour-Driven Development of Avionic Systems to Flight Simulators(Software Engineering 2022 Workshops, 2022) Ibrahim, Mohamad; Durak, Umut; Tariq, HaseebThe role of avionics is crucial for several aircraft functions, from communication to collision avoidance. Amongst others, modern air transportation is the result of the continuous improvement in avionics technology. One of the recent trends in avionics software engineering is streamlining the process with practices that remove the disconnects between the activities to achieve a cost-eff ective and agile engineering life cycle, allowing to cope with the volatile requirements found in emerging segments such as Advanced Air Mobility. Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD) is one of these practices; it connects requirements to (acceptance-) testing. There are already eff orts in adapting BDD for avionic systems. This paper proposes extending BDD of avionic systems to fl ight simulation. It presents an approach for using the requirement specifi cation language of BDD, Gherkin, for setting up the test scenarios and the test framework of BDD, Cucumber, as a test oracle.
- KonferenzbeitragRequirement Management in Enterprise Systems Projects(Software Engineering 2022 Workshops, 2022) Weiss, Christoph; Keckeis, JohannesPreface of the Workshop Requirement Management in Enterprise Systems Projects (AESP - Anforderungsmanagement in Enterprise Systems-Projekten)
- KonferenzbeitragA Multi-Platform Small Scale Drone Demonstrator for Technology Maturation of Next Generation Avionic Functions(Software Engineering 2022 Workshops, 2022) Pickard, Michael; Ludewig, Philipp; Halbig, Jens; Krach, BernhardThe emerging need for new types of airborne platforms that are to be operated in a System-of-Systems context, e.g. like the European Future Combat Air System, drives the development and maturation of new technologies for the next generation of military aircraft. A special focus is on the utilization of swarms/teams of unmanned platforms which are envisaged to be operated in highly automated collaboration with manned platforms. To accelerate the development of those technologies Airbus Defence and Space has launched a small scale demonstrator project using customized Micro Air Vehicles 2. This enables modular and agile technology integration with low threshold to get new developments airborne. A major focus of the recent activities has been the establishment and enhancement of the development environment including test benches, mission software and ground control station. However, already a fi rst set of new technologies for formation management, collaborative navigation and sensor management as well as multiple sensors like a radio frequency emitter localization sensor and an industrial camera have been integrated and tested comprehensively. In summary it can be confi rmed that there are major benefi ts in the utilization of Micro Air Vehicles as rapid prototyping platform for avionics technology maturation.
- KonferenzbeitragStatic Analysis Methodologies for WCET Calculating with Asynchronous IO(Software Engineering 2022 Workshops, 2022) Seifert, GeorgThe estimation of the upper bound of the WCET is one of the hardest challenges in the analysis of safety critical real time applications. Since a long time, the static WCET estimation of single core CPU-focused systems without shared resources has been investigated and can now be regarded as solved. The WCET analysis with shared resources is not feasible with current practice due to the lack of information about the internal timing, especially the IO system. The rise of system functionality and the growth of interfaces with high bandwidth in MCUs has resulted in a situation where a CPU-only processing of the IO, or a degraded usage of DMACs, is no more feasible. Therefore, dedicated hardware components, like DMAC, have to be considered and the disadvantages of conflict-affl icted transfers must become part of the analysis. To resolve the problems with interference afflicted MCU internal data transfers, an approach is presented which describes the infl uence parameters on the WCET and expresses these in a simplified timing model of the MCU. Afterwards the information is used to extrapolate the increase of the execution time caused by a given type of traffic to estimate the WCET with asynchronous IO accesses.
- Konferenzbeitrag4th Workshop on Avionics Systems and Software Engineering(Software Engineering 2022 Workshops, 2022) Annighöfer, Björn; Schweiger, Andreas; Reich, MarinaPreface of the Workshop on Avionics Systems and Software Engineering
- KonferenzbeitragA Translation Semantics for Driving Simulation Languages(Software Engineering 2022 Workshops, 2022) Schneider, Jörn; Schneider, MarvinThe development of advanced driver assistance systems and automated driving functions requires the usage of driving simulation as integral part of the software engineering process. Moreover, safety standards such as SOTIF (ISO 21448) and legal regulations give driving simulation a key role for the safety validation of automated driving functions by OEMs and Tier-1s as well as independent or governmental institutions. Even as new standards for driving simulation languages come into use, this gives rise to the need for translation tools between different driving simulator languages. Two major challenges in this context for translation tools are hitherto not well addressed: 1. Adaptability to new languages or versions thereof. 2. Correctness of translation. We elaborate on some of the central challenges in this regard, present a prototype of a retargetable translator for driving simulation languages, and a suiting translation semantics, as first cornerstones of a future approach to validate or verify translations.
- KonferenzbeitragBuild Your Own Training Data - Synthetic Data for Object Detection in Aerial Images(Software Engineering 2022 Workshops, 2022) Laux, Lea; Schirmer, Sebastian; Schopferer, Simon; Dauer, JohannMachine learning has become one of the most widely used techniques in artificial intelligence, especially for image processing. One of the biggest challenges in developing an accurate image processing model is to collect large amounts of data that are suffi ciently close to the real-world scenario. Ideally, real-world data is therefore used for model training. Unfortunately, real-world data is often insuffi ciently available and expensive to generate. Therefore, models are trained using synthetic data. However, there is no standardized method of how training data is generated and which properties determine the data quality. In this paper, we present fi rst steps towards the generation of large amounts of data for human detection based on aerial images. To create labeled aerial images, we are using Unreal Engine and AirSim. We report on fi rst impressions of the generated labeled aerial images and identify future challenges – current simulation tools can be used to create realistic and diverse images including labeling, but native support would be benefi cial to ease their usage.
- KonferenzbeitragProfessionalisation in ERP Selection Revisited II(Software Engineering 2022 Workshops, 2022) Humpl, StefanThe implementation of new ERP systems or the adaptation of existing ERP systems is a central challenge for modern companies, which is also reflected in the development of relevant job advertisements. A specific analysis of relevant job advertisements in Austria shows a professionalisation in ERP selection, but also a shift towards employing such experts in the own company versus outsourcing this expertise. Job titles and job specific requirements (competences) mentioned in job advertisements in 2017 and 2021 show a respective development. But it also becomes visible that the labour market for relevant experts is marked by a growing demand and insufficient supply, which implies that the more recent job advertisements are broader, more detailed in asking for competences, and therefore showing a hope for somehow fitting candidates.
- KonferenzbeitragImportant Factors for Implementing a Resilient System(Software Engineering 2022 Workshops, 2022) Ploder, Christian; Janetschek, Julian; Dilger, Thomas; Bernsteiner, ReinhardProduction systems in the context of Industry 4.0 can react flexibly to changes and failures of components by equipping the system components with some intelligence. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) represent a crucial technology of Industry 4.0, characterized by the integration of computation and physical processes. Future production and manufacturing plants should therefore have resilient properties in order to be able to react to faults without human intervention. In this paper, a concept for a resilient production system is discussed using the example of the Fischertechnik Learning Factory 4.0 (FTLF). In the course of this, the incidents occurring in continuous operation are determined in an observation. Based on this observation, the guidelines, strategies, prerequisites, and principles relating to the concept of resilience will be shown and discussed for the resilient architecture. The prerequisites for a resilient architecture include the absence of single points of failure and independence between the sub-components of a system. A resilient production system also requires process disruption management to handle failures with re-configurations based on previously defined possible solutions. A resilient architecture should already be taken into account in the planning and design phase, at which point all incidents that can occur in the system should be known. This fact represents a significant challenge when implementing a resilient architecture in any system.