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- KonferenzbeitragA conceptual architecture for pragmatic web services(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Weigand, Hans; Heuvel, Willem-Jan van denIn the current literature on service-oriented computing, the relationship between services and web-services is not always clear. Much research, notably in the area of service representation, discovery and composition, claims to address services whereas they actually apply to web-services. In this paper, we use insights from Language/Action Perspective and from value modeling to define services at an abstract (business) level. On that basis, we explore a pragmatic approach to service discovery, the cornerstone of the Service Oriented Architecture, and show how it differs from web service discovery. In the course of the discussion, some differences between a Semantic Web approach and a Pragmatic Web approach become apparant.
- KonferenzbeitragImplementing the pragmatic web: Practical approaches(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Kamphusmann, Thomas
- KonferenzbeitragThe role of virtual servants in e-Interaction(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Lind, Mikael; Salomonson, NicklasInternet-based interfaces between organisations and their buyers are becoming increasingly common. Lately virtual servants have been identified as agents to support the customer – supplier interaction. In this paper we investigate the existence of one such virtual servant – Anna at IKEA.com – in a business interaction situation. Anna is regarded as an example of a typical virtual servant of today. Based on pragmatic theories for business interaction we investigate the role of this virtual servant. The conclusion from this study shows that this virtual servant does support the potential / particular buyer in navigating on the company's web-site rather than the realisation of a purchase.
- KonferenzbeitragSupporting global software development in open source ecosystems: A role for actability in the pragmatic web(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Ågerfalk, Pär J.New forms of collaboration between organizations based on open source principles are rapidly emerging. The collaboration is typically done in a spirit of co-opetition whereby companies, often SMEs, share cost and risk by developing software jointly and openly. The paper elaborates how this emerging phenomenon of open source ecosystems can be understood from the perspective of actability and the Pragmatic Web. The concept of open source ecosystems as a form of global software development is explored and actability is presented as a useful concept for articulating design criteria for the required collaborative tools. In doing so, a possible research agenda for pragmatic web research in this domain is outlined.
- KonferenzbeitragA B2B benchmark on top of UMM and TPC-app(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Hofreiter, Birgit; Huemer, Christian; Mosser, RobertThe TPC-App is a B2B benchmark implementing a retail scenario. This benchmark specifies a set of web services interactions to test the performance of an application server. Today B2B systems undergo a permanent technological change. There even exist competitive technologies at the same time. From a business perspective it is important that the application systems of the business partners interoperate no matter what technology is applied. In order to measure the effects of using a combination of different technologies for the same B2B scenario, we reverse engineer the TPC-App scenario into a platform independent model following the UN/CEFACT's Modeling Methodology (UMM). The resulting UMM-App benchmark defines a conceptual B2B model that may be implemented by different IT technologies in order to evaluate feasibility and performance.
- KonferenzbeitragCharacteristics of public E-services: Investigating the E-diamond model(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Goldkuhl, Göran; Persson, AndersThe issue of the paper is how to characterize public e-services mediated through the web. One common kind of characterization is made through stage models (e-ladders). Such models are frequently used for policy-planning, evaluation and bench-marking of public e-services. E-ladder models have been criticized and as an alternative the e-diamond model has been formulated, which consists of twelve categories in three polarities (informative vs performative; general vs individualized; separate vs coordinated). The differences between e-ladder and e-diamond models are described in the paper. Empirical investigations of some public e-services based on the e-diamond model are pursued. A theoretical analysis of the e-diamond model based on the language-action perspective is performed. This follows the view that public e-services are seen as government – citizen communication. The empirical and theoretical investigations give further support to the e-diamond model.
- KonferenzbeitragCan the pragmatic web assist search engine optimisation?(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Razafimbelo, Tiana; Polovina, Simon; Hill, RichardDiscovering information on the Web relies on the publishers of that information to describe it in a meaningful way, often at the syntactical level. Despite ongoing efforts to improve Web page description, search retrieval is more time consuming than it should be. Essentially this arises because search engines lack the capacity to identify the purpose of the search. The goal of this paper is to identify the extent to which this issue can be addressed and how the Pragmatic Web may assist in this endeavour. The paper uses Stamper's Semiotic Ladder to distinguish between those issues that are truly semantic, pragmatic or even social, versus those which are syntactic. This enables the core issues to be discovered, thereby distinguishing the areas that the Pragmatic Web community can focus upon.
- KonferenzbeitragTrading semantically enhanced digital products in electronic markets(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Maass, Wolfgang; Behrendt, WernherDigital products constitute a growing class of economic goods that are increasingly traded via digital networks. In distributed digital networks, it is required that digital products adapt to heterogeneous requirements of electronic markets and subsequent usage environments. Adaptation depends on various kinds of information types that characterise a digital product. In this article we will present a self-describing container model for digital products, called KCO, that integrates characteristic semantic information types (facets) derived from an analysis of electronic market structures. Semantic information supports usage of digital products throughout the whole product life-cycle. During purchase decision phases, facets offer semantically annotated data on the quality and applicability of a digital product while in usage contexts, facets provide data that can be used by content management systems for content processing tasks, such as access control, routing, syndication and aggregration. KCOs allow exchanges between existing heterogeneous application environments on the basis of an open Knowledge Content Transfer Protocol (KCTP) that is part of a general architecture (Knowledge Content Carrier Architecture, KCCA). All architectural elements have been used in three application environments.1
- KonferenzbeitragA devolved ontology model for the pragmatic web(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Stalker, Ian Duncan; Mehandjiev, NikolayDevolved ontology is an approach to ontology modelling and (co-) evolution which was developed in connection with agile partnerships. Inviting parallels between agile partnerships and the context of the Pragmatic Web suggest that this has potential value in realising the vision of the Pragmatic Web [SMD06]. This is especially clear in their respective uses of ontologies and in particular the demands made of supporting structures. We motivate and introduce the devolved ontology model and show how to use this to promote semantic alignment and thereby support communication.