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- KonferenzbeitragActive knowledge systems for the pragmatic web(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Delugach, HarryAs the limitations of the Semantic Web become apparent, the next step – creating the Pragmatic Web – requires active knowledge systems, that have the capability to support practical and complex human interaction and communication. A key ingredient in this effort is a system's ability to respond to events in the real world. The Pragmatic Web would therefore not be merely a knowledge interchange medium; it would actively support humans using that knowledge to accomplish tasks. The main goal of this paper is to show how an active knowledge system can support formal models of human pragmatic communication, combining earlier work on active knowledge systems, formal models of communication acts and formal models of organizational actors. We carry through an extended example illustrating some of these ideas.
- KonferenzbeitragArchitecture of a semantic portal on mobile business(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Krybus, Ilja; Kurbel, KarlPortals on the web are important public sources of information for expert knowledge. They function as powerful gateways that consolidate access and organize information. Existing web technologies provide the means which most current web portals apply. However, they leave some open issues that recent Semantic Web technologies promise to solve. Portals that employ semantic technologies are called semantic portals. In this paper, we present the synopsis of a semantic portal that is dedicated to distributing practical and scientific knowledge on the domain of Mobile Business. We explain the motivation, the architectural considerations, and the current portal prototype. Emphasis is placed on ontology use, request processing, and presentation. The advantages of our process-oriented and multilayered architecture approach are discussed.
- KonferenzbeitragA B2B benchmark on top of UMM and TPC-app(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Hofreiter, Birgit; Huemer, Christian; Mosser, RobertThe TPC-App is a B2B benchmark implementing a retail scenario. This benchmark specifies a set of web services interactions to test the performance of an application server. Today B2B systems undergo a permanent technological change. There even exist competitive technologies at the same time. From a business perspective it is important that the application systems of the business partners interoperate no matter what technology is applied. In order to measure the effects of using a combination of different technologies for the same B2B scenario, we reverse engineer the TPC-App scenario into a platform independent model following the UN/CEFACT's Modeling Methodology (UMM). The resulting UMM-App benchmark defines a conceptual B2B model that may be implemented by different IT technologies in order to evaluate feasibility and performance.
- KonferenzbeitragCan the pragmatic web assist search engine optimisation?(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Razafimbelo, Tiana; Polovina, Simon; Hill, RichardDiscovering information on the Web relies on the publishers of that information to describe it in a meaningful way, often at the syntactical level. Despite ongoing efforts to improve Web page description, search retrieval is more time consuming than it should be. Essentially this arises because search engines lack the capacity to identify the purpose of the search. The goal of this paper is to identify the extent to which this issue can be addressed and how the Pragmatic Web may assist in this endeavour. The paper uses Stamper's Semiotic Ladder to distinguish between those issues that are truly semantic, pragmatic or even social, versus those which are syntactic. This enables the core issues to be discovered, thereby distinguishing the areas that the Pragmatic Web community can focus upon.
- KonferenzbeitragCharacteristics of public E-services: Investigating the E-diamond model(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Goldkuhl, Göran; Persson, AndersThe issue of the paper is how to characterize public e-services mediated through the web. One common kind of characterization is made through stage models (e-ladders). Such models are frequently used for policy-planning, evaluation and bench-marking of public e-services. E-ladder models have been criticized and as an alternative the e-diamond model has been formulated, which consists of twelve categories in three polarities (informative vs performative; general vs individualized; separate vs coordinated). The differences between e-ladder and e-diamond models are described in the paper. Empirical investigations of some public e-services based on the e-diamond model are pursued. A theoretical analysis of the e-diamond model based on the language-action perspective is performed. This follows the view that public e-services are seen as government – citizen communication. The empirical and theoretical investigations give further support to the e-diamond model.
- KonferenzbeitragA conceptual architecture for pragmatic web services(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Weigand, Hans; Heuvel, Willem-Jan van denIn the current literature on service-oriented computing, the relationship between services and web-services is not always clear. Much research, notably in the area of service representation, discovery and composition, claims to address services whereas they actually apply to web-services. In this paper, we use insights from Language/Action Perspective and from value modeling to define services at an abstract (business) level. On that basis, we explore a pragmatic approach to service discovery, the cornerstone of the Service Oriented Architecture, and show how it differs from web service discovery. In the course of the discussion, some differences between a Semantic Web approach and a Pragmatic Web approach become apparant.
- KonferenzbeitragA devolved ontology model for the pragmatic web(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Stalker, Ian Duncan; Mehandjiev, NikolayDevolved ontology is an approach to ontology modelling and (co-) evolution which was developed in connection with agile partnerships. Inviting parallels between agile partnerships and the context of the Pragmatic Web suggest that this has potential value in realising the vision of the Pragmatic Web [SMD06]. This is especially clear in their respective uses of ontologies and in particular the demands made of supporting structures. We motivate and introduce the devolved ontology model and show how to use this to promote semantic alignment and thereby support communication.
- KonferenzbeitragImplementing the pragmatic web: Practical approaches(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Kamphusmann, Thomas
- KonferenzbeitragA policy framework for collaborative web service customization(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Liang, Haiqi; Sun, Wei; Zhang, Xin; Jiang, ZhongboA web service usually serves many consumers, with each consumer having its specific functional or nonfunctional requirements. The web service should be customizable to meet those requirements, as is especially apparent for complex web services with large granularity such as Softwareas-Service (SaS). This paper proposes an approach to facilitating web service customization in the programatical way through the collaboration between service provider and consumer. A specification for declaring web service customization policy is defined based on the WS-Policy framework, through which service provider can declare the service's customization capabilities. A service consumer can make customization requests within the scope defined by the customization policies. The customization requests are raised in structuralized customization directives. A web service consumption process and a supporting framework accompanied with customization policy are introduced accordingly. Finally, a case study is present.
- KonferenzbeitragPragmatic web as communication design practice(Pragmatic web – Proceedings of the first international conference on the pragmatic web, 2006, 2006) Aakhus, MarkThe Pragmatic Web is seen as a direction for realizing the vision of the Semantic Web. Realizing the vision of the Pragmatic Web, however, requires a shift in thinking about technology as a means for designing communication (which is making forms of interactivity possible that may otherwise be difficult or impossible). Some lessons from theory and research on Pragmatics provide grounds for understanding how technology plays a role in constructing contexts of interactivity. Similar to ordinary interaction strategies and the intervention practices of communication professionals, technologies provide ways to solve the practical puzzles of action, meaning, and coherence in interaction. Technologies are hypotheses about solving interactional problems that are built on assumptions about how interaction works and ought to work. To better understand the Pragmatic Web it is necessary to articulate and assess these assumptions. Two plausible, complementary approaches are suggested.