Auflistung Environmental Informatics 2009 nach Erscheinungsdatum
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- KonferenzbeitragEnvironmental information systems for recycling networks – a case study of the eco-industrial cluster Mödling(Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, 2009) Perl-Vorbach, ElkeThe collection, managing and communication of environmental information are nowadays seen as an essential prerequisite for sustainable development. However, ways of generating and exchanging environmental information differ within and between companies. Moreover, the use of highly sophisticated environmental information systems can still be seen at in its infancy. The aim of this chapter is thus to investigate the application of environmental information systems especially for recycling activities. An empirical analysis of those barriers and obstacles which inhibit the implementation of environmental information systems is thus carried out. Furthermore, basic conditions for the interorganisational exchange of environmental information are investigated. Beside this empirical investigation the eco-industrial cluster Mödling will be analyzed as a case study. Within this company network, the potential for recycling activities for various waste streams such as plastics and construction waste is obvious. However, regarding informational aspects, the awareness of the usefulness of environmental information systems for the companies is still lacking. Thus, practical implication of such systems is still in its early stages.
- KonferenzbeitragEnergy Consumed vs. Energy Saved by ICT – A Closer Look(Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, 2009) Coroama, Vlad; Hilty, Lorenz M.For quite some years now, there has been a growing debate under the label of “Green I(C)T” about reducing the energy consumption of ICT equipment. More recently, the discourse started to partly shift towards a novel discussion on using ICT to induce energy savings in sectors other than ICT. Advocates suggest that the cumulated potential for ICT-induced savings is several times larger than the entire energy consumption of ICT itself. Numerous studies on ICT-related energy consumption exist, and also an increasing number of studies looking at ICT-induced energy efficiency. The few studies, however, considering both aspects, typically do so independently, without relating the two aspects. Moreover, in the energy efficiency discourse, ICT is usually treated as a monolithic block of technologies – only the application areas that are expected to benefit from it being differentiated. In this paper, we make the case that ICT energy consumption and ICT’s potential for inducing energy efficiency can – and should – be related to each other. We further argue that this can only be obtained by decomposing the “ICT monolith” and look at its (naturally heterogeneous) parts separately. Based on a first round of expert interviews, we show that it is possible to qualitatively determine for every single technology subsumed under ICT its potential for inducing energy efficiency. We finally argue that only by consequently following low energy consumption targets for technologies with a low energy efficiency potential, while at the same time not suffocating technologies with a high energy efficiency potential through restrictive consumption targets, the full ICT-related energy saving potential can be unleashed.
- KonferenzbeitragICT Applications as a Key Element in Sustainable Consumption in Europe(Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, 2009) Lukács, GergelyThis paper argues that information systems have a great potential in supporting sustainable consumption. It describes a number of scenarios where, due to insufficient information, citizens have difficulty finding sustainable consumption alternatives. It then gives an overview of information systems, prototypes and production systems supporting sustainable consumption, concerning all major areas such as mobility, food & drinks, housing and general consumption. It lists the advantages of providing information electronically as opposed to traditional media. In addition, the paper argues that comprehensive European legislation is required, stating the right of consumers for information on how to make environmentally friendly consumer decisions. The implementation of such legislation would be ambitious but viable through the use of appropriate, innovative information systems.
- KonferenzbeitragClimate Change Adaptation: The Role of ICT in Facilitating the Application of Robust and Relevant Science(Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, 2009) Stainforth; Alan, DavidA wide variety of available information concerning the climate change impact on water resources is available in communication networks and the Internet. Researches of the climate change are very complicated since many factors are indefinite or unknown. Global change and its reasons are closely associated with regional characteristics. The evaluation of the past and future changes of Lithuanian rivers’ runoff and their consistent patterns during the XXI century was done using the accumulative database of meteorological and hydrological observation, ECHAM5 and HadCM3 global climate circulation models and A1B, A2 and B1 emission scenarios, statistical methods and hydrological modelling (HBV software). Changes of climate elements (temperature and precipitation) directly influence conditions of river runoff formation. The average annual temperature increased about 0.9 oC during the last decades in Lithuania. The most significant temperature increase was in the winter and spring seasons. The cycle change has been estimated in the long time period series of precipitation. Average durations of wet and dry periods are 14 and 13 years accordingly. Precipitation of the winter season increases only from 1961 till now in all territory of Lithuania. The cyclic wateriness change is characteristic of the river annual runoff. The increase of winter season runoff, decrease of spring season runoff and maximum discharges of the spring floods have been observed in the last decades. In the forecasted period (2010-2100) average annual temperature will increase to 4.6 oC. Significant tendencies are not estimated in the precipitation change. The average annual runoff of the biggest Lithuanian river Nemunas is forecasted to decrease to 14% during the century. Rapid flow of such kind of climate-change information from scientists to water managers would be useful and needful for solving many problems. Many sectors (water supply, agriculture, energy, industry, human health, transportation, infrastructure, tourism) are dependent on water resources and their possible variability due to climate change. Water managers, politicians and lower orders could get full-scale information concerning to impact of climate change on freshwater resources. New Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) enable the users to search out a wide variety of available information. Unfortunately, the found papers, opinions and hypotheses could be not reliable and confidence. There is no official web-site concerning the climate change impact on the environment in Lithuania. The rubric “Climate Change” is in the web-site of Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania but the content of this rubric is related to the government activity in this field. The Environmental Protection Agency of Lithuania has a wide web-site regarding monitoring data of environment. There is no special rubric on climate change except some “references” to the web-sites of other organizations. In my point of view the official web-sites could be expanded with the wide and confident information from scientific community (papers, reports, projects et al.) concerning the climate change impact on environment.
- KonferenzbeitragThe Data Centre Nature and Landscape (DNL): Service Oriented Architecture, Metadata Standards and Semantic Technologies in an Environmental Information System(Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, 2009) Bauer-Messmer, Bettina; Wotruba, Lukas; Müller, Kalin; Bischof, Sandro; Grütter, Rolf; Scharrenbach, Thomas; Meile, Rolf; Hägeli, Martin; Schenker, JürgThe Data centre Nature and Landscape (DNL), originally planned as a long-term database for biotope information, has constantly evolved over the last 11 years. It is now a virtual data centre connecting several databases located all over Switzerland, enriched with a user-friendly web interface, which has been partially redesigned into a service oriented architecture. It can now offer open and intuitive search facilities based on semantic technologies. Many lessons have been learned, particularly in the field of heterogeneous environmental information systems. The purpose of this paper is to share our experience with other experts developing and maintaining environmental information systems.
- KonferenzbeitragModel-driven Development of Environmental Modeling Languages: Language and Model Coupling(Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, 2009) Theisselmann, Falko; Dransch, Doris; Fischer, JoachimCommon characteristics of environmental modeling and simulation (M&S) are multi-disciplinary modeling and the need to reuse models in different contexts. There is a plethora of M&S frameworks available, but still challenges remain, when models are developed across different communities and organizations with specific modeling paradigms, languages, and tools. Issues arise due to technical complexity, model reuse, and model integration. We target these issues with the provision of declarative domain-specific modeling languages (DSLs) that allow for problem-oriented and technology-independent modeling. With this approach, DSLs are used to define technology independent environmental simulation models. Executable code that conforms to a simulation technology of choice is automatically generated from these models, thus the models can be reused on different platforms. The implementation of DSLs causes effort. However, the model-driven approach for the definition of DSLs, as opposed to grammar-based approaches, allows the efficient definition of DSLs and respective tools, in particular with respect to language coupling. Language coupling is necessary for multi-disciplinary modeling, where different parts of a model may be defined using different DSLs. In this paper, we present a model-driven language engineering approach and show how object-oriented language modeling can be the base for coupling DSLs. The semantics of coupled models are based on established concepts of model decomposition and event-driven simulation. Since many generic simulation technologies implement these concepts, this facilitates model reuse on many platforms, although programming languages and interfaces might differ. We applied this approach to a DSL for Cellular Automata modeling and a simple DSL for describing computational agent models and defined code generation for one exemplary simulation framework combined with Geographic Information System technology (GIS). So far, the DSL has been used to reimplement published models of fire spread and seismicity. However, the approach is not limited to the presented DSLs, framework technologies, and application areas.
- KonferenzbeitragSupport Vector Regression Approach for Predicting Groundwater Levels under Variable Pumping and Infiltration Conditions(Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, 2009) Göbel, Uwe; Göbel, PeterRegression problems in environmental engineering can be tackled in principle by fundamentally different approaches, e.g., physically based numerical modeling or methods of machine learning. Appliance of the machine learning method Support Vector Machines (SVM) for regression is called Support Vector Regression (SVR). The feasibility of SVR for predicting groundwater levels in complex groundwater systems under variable pumping and infiltration conditions is demonstrated in a representative study area of groundwater management. Real-world data were used to train SVR models to predict transient groundwater levels in response to changing pumping and infiltration conditions. The SVR models were then validated with twelve sequential months. The prognoses of one year in monthly periods were compared against measured groundwater levels. Although the experiments are still in an early state, the best SVR models so far already achieve in groundwater level prognosis of twelve months an average monthly deviation of about 0,029m between the SVR predicted and the measured water level. While different SVR models can retain unlike qualities in terms of diverse scenarios and the climate scenario that serves as input data for the prediction horizon is uncertain within a certain scope, more than one SVR model and climate scenarios may be combined in an ensemble fashion. To put it in a nutshell, it is to say that the deployment of SVR technology in groundwater prediction holds the fundamental potential to improve management strategies and sound decision-making for hydro geological problems.
- Konferenzbeitragnofdp IDSS - an Open-Source Flood Control Planning Decision Support System(Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, 2009) Hübner, Christoph; Ostrowski, Manfred; Haase, MichaelThe nofdp3 IDSS (Information and Decision Support System) is an interactive planning and communication software that is open source and thus available free of charge to the user. The software is designed to assist water managers in the interactive and iterative process of developing and communicating flood risk management strategies that keep track with a balanced view on the often conflicting issues of spatial planning, flood damage prevention and ecological development. It addresses a combination of both technical and non-technical measures to reduce the risk of flood damage and to improve nature at the same time. Eight project partners from The Netherlands and Germany were directly involved in the development process. A consortium formed by BCE (GER) and Delft Hydraulics (NL) implemented the descriptive concept that was developed by Darmstadt University of Technology. A first key functionality of interaction enables the user to position 22 different types of measures of flood control on a map within a GIS environment. At the same time, the user can assess spatial conflicts. Individual measures can be grouped to form scenarios and are evaluated interactively. The nofdp IDSS provides four different methods of evaluation, ranging from simple ranking methods to sophisticated methods like value-benefit-analysis and cost-benefit-analysis. Planning results have to be discussed and communicated for this, a Report-Generator collects all the relevant data of a project. A Google Earth export allows informing third parties about the planning results. The measures and their effects on the flooding simulation can be displayed three dimensionally within Google Earth. At first, this paper describes the scope of the software and in which way the decision maker is supported. Secondly, the reasons to tune in to the open-source philosophy are mentioned and future prospect are described. You can download the latest release version as well as the source code from http://nofdpidss.sourceforge.net.
- Konferenzbeitrage-Participation System on Climate Change in the Basque Autonomous Community: the Stop CO2 Euskadi Initiative(Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, 2009) Lanborena, Jaione; Barquín, MarianBasque Country approved a plan to fight against climate change in 2007. This plan proposes an objective to reduce Basque contribution to climate change and includes specific action, from different stakeholders (citizens, companies, administration). This challenge for reducing greenhouse gases emissions in the context of climate change is the main argument for the use of participatory systems. Collaborative work based in a transparent and effective communication process could be very useful and even necessary for an effective solution. In this context, www.stopco2euskadi.net is a regional initiative of the Basque Office on Climate Change, based on a e-participation system, that promotes and brings together the actions carried out by all the agents of the Basque Country, in order to reduce greenhouse gases causing climate change in the 2009-2012 period.
- KonferenzbeitragEnviroInfoLit – A Literature Database for Environmental Informatics(Environmental Informatics and Industrial Environmental Protection: Concepts, Methods and Tools, 2009) Schreiber, M.The literature database EnviroinfoLit of the ICT-ENSURE project shall provide substantial scientific papers in the field of ICT for environmental sustainability to the scientific community and to program managers working in this field. The information system that is being developed comprises resources available in the field, including conference proceedings (EnviroInfo proceedings since 1998), workshop proceedings, and other scientific publications. The literature database EnviroinfoLit contains the full text of the literature and provides different access through navigational structures, standard and fuzzy search routines. The articles matching the search will be available for download as PDF file.